What is Triazolam
Triazolam is an oral benzodiazepine used as a hypnotic agent in the short-term management of insomnia.
Compared to chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and flurazepam, triazolam has a relatively shorter half-life and does not generate active metabolites.
However, triazolam has been associated with numerous reports of retrograde amnesia.
Doses should be reduced when used in the elderly. Triazolam was approved by the FDA in 1982.
Brand Name
Halcion
Indications & Dosage
- insomnia
For the short-term treatment of insomnia
Side Effects
- agitation
- amnesia
- anaphylactoid reactions
- angioedema
- anorexia
- anxiety
- apnea
- ataxia
- chest pain (unspecified)
- complex sleep-related behaviors
- confusion
- constipation
- depression
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- dysarthria
- dysesthesia
- dysgeusia
- EEG changes
- euphoria
- fatigue
- glossitis
- hallucinations
- headache
- hepatic failure
- insomnia
- irritability
- jaundice
- mania
- memory impairment
- menstrual irregularity
- muscle cramps
- nasal congestion
- nausea
- neonatal abstinence syndrome
- neonatal respiratory depression
- nightmares
- paresthesias
- physiological dependence
- pruritus
- psychological dependence
- respiratory depression
- restlessness
- sinus tachycardia
- somnambulism
- stomatitis
- syncope
- teratogenesis
- tinnitus
- tolerance
- urinary incontinence
- urinary retention
- visual impairment
- vomiting
- weakness
- withdrawal
- xerostomia
Monitoring Parameters
- laboratory monitoring not necessary
Contraindications
- abrupt discontinuation
- alcoholism
- anxiety
- asthma
- benzodiazepine dependence
- benzodiazepine hypersensitivity
- bipolar disorder
- breast-feeding
- bronchitis
- children
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- closed-angle glaucoma
- CNS depression
- coadministration with other CNS depressants
- coma
- complex sleep-related behaviors
- dementia
- depression
- driving or operating machinery
- ethanol ingestion
- ethanol intoxication
- geriatric
- hepatic disease
- infants
- labor
- mania
- myasthenia gravis
- neonates
- obstetric delivery
- Parkinson’s disease
- porphyria
- pregnancy
- psychosis
- pulmonary disease
- renal failure
- renal impairment
- respiratory depression
- seizure disorder
- seizures
- shock
- sleep apnea
- status epilepticus
- substance abuse
- suicidal ideation
Interactions
- Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Codeine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
- Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine
- Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone
- Acetaminophen; Oxycodone
- Acetaminophen; Pentazocine
- Acetaminophen; Propoxyphene
- Acetaminophen; Tramadol
- Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine
- Aldesleukin, IL-2
- Alfentanil
- Alprazolam
- Amiodarone
- Amobarbital
- Amoxapine
- Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Lansoprazole
- Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole
- Apalutamide
- Apomorphine
- Apraclonidine
- Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant
- Aripiprazole
- Armodafinil
- Asenapine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
- Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
- Atazanavir; Cobicistat
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- Brompheniramine; Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
- Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin
- Brompheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
- Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Buprenorphine
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- Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
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- Carbetapentane; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbetapentane; Pyrilamine
- Carbinoxamine
- Carbinoxamine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Pseudoephedrine
- Cariprazine
- Cenobamate
- Ceritinib
- Cetirizine
- Cetirizine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlophedianol; Dexbrompheniramine
- Chlophedianol; Dexchlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlophedianol; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Chloramphenicol
- Chlorcyclizine
- Chlorpheniramine
- Chlorpheniramine; Codeine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan
- Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorthalidone; Clonidine
- Cimetidine
- Ciprofloxacin
- Cisapride
- Clarithromycin
- Clemastine
- Clobazam
- Clonidine
- Clozapine
- Cobicistat
- Codeine
- Codeine; Guaifenesin
- Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Codeine; Promethazine
- Colchicine; Probenecid
- COMT inhibitors
- Conivaptan
- Crizotinib
- Cyclizine
- Cyproheptadine
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- Danazol
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- Desflurane
- Deutetrabenazine
- Dexchlorpheniramine
- Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Dexmedetomidine
- Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Dicyclomine
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- Diltiazem
- Dimenhydrinate
- Diphenhydramine
- Diphenhydramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen
- Diphenhydramine; Naproxen
- Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Disulfiram
- Doxylamine
- Doxylamine; Pyridoxine
- Dronabinol
- Dronedarone
- Droperidol
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- Duvelisib
- Elbasvir; Grazoprevir
- Elexacaftor; tezacaftor; ivacaftor
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- Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
- Encorafenib
- Enflurane
- Enzalutamide
- Erythromycin
- Erythromycin; Sulfisoxazole
- Esketamine
- Eslicarbazepine
- Eszopiclone
- Ethanol
- Ethinyl Estradiol
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Desogestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethynodiol Diacetate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Etonogestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Ferrous bisglycinate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Folic Acid; Levomefolate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norelgestromin
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate; Ferrous fumarate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone; Ferrous fumarate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestimate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestrel
- Ethotoin
- Etomidate
- Fedratinib
- Fentanyl
- Fluconazole
- Flumazenil
- Fluoxetine
- Fluoxetine; Olanzapine
- Fluvoxamine
- food
- Fosphenytoin
- Fospropofol
- Gabapentin
- General anesthetics
- grapefruit juice
- Green Tea
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Guanabenz
- Guanfacine
- Haloperidol
- Halothane
- Homatropine; Hydrocodone
- Hydantoins
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Methyldopa
- Hydrocodone
- Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen
- Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydromorphone
- Hydroxyzine
- Ibuprofen; Oxycodone
- Idelalisib
- Iloperidone
- Imatinib
- Isavuconazonium
- Isoflurane
- Isoniazid, INH; Pyrazinamide, PZA; Rifampin
- Isoniazid, INH; Rifampin
- Itraconazole
- Ivacaftor
- Ivosidenib
- Ketamine
- Ketoconazole
- Larotrectinib
- Lasmiditan
- Lefamulin
- Lemborexant
- Lesinurad
- Lesinurad; Allopurinol
- Letermovir
- Levocetirizine
- Levomethadyl
- Levomilnacipran
- Levorphanol
- Lithium
- Lofexidine
- Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor
- Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor
- Lumateperone
- Lurasidone
- Magnesium Salts
- Maprotiline
- Meclizine
- Melatonin
- Meperidine
- Meperidine; Promethazine
- Mephobarbital
- Meprobamate
- Mestranol; Norethindrone
- Methadone
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- Metoclopramide
- Metyrapone
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- Minocycline
- Mirtazapine
- Mitotane
- Modafinil
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Morphine
- Morphine; Naltrexone
- Nabilone
- Nalbuphine
- Nefazodone
- Netupitant, Fosnetupitant; Palonosetron
- Nevirapine
- Nicardipine
- Nilotinib
- Nitroglycerin
- Olanzapine
- Omeprazole
- Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin
- Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate
- Oritavancin
- Oxybutynin
- Oxycodone
- Oxymorphone
- Palbociclib
- Paliperidone
- Papaverine
- Pazopanib
- Pentazocine
- Pentazocine; Naloxone
- Pentobarbital
- Perampanel
- Phenobarbital
- Phenothiazines
- Phentermine; Topiramate
- Phenylephrine
- Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Phenytoin
- Pimozide
- Posaconazole
- Pramipexole
- Prasterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA (Dietary Supplements)
- Prasterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA (FDA-approved)
- Pregabalin
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- Probenecid
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