Depression

How is chronic pain with co morbid depression treated What are the treatment strategies for chronic pain with co-morbid depression and/or anxiety? Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is a structured training program that aims to provide adaptive coping, focused attention, and cognitive restructuring skills to distressed populations. These programs have been shown to have positive outcomes …

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What is the stress and coping model? Initially presented by Lazarus, the stress and coping model explains a possible network of relationships between psychological processes and pain. The basis of this model is the belief that coping starts with appraisals of a stressful situation. In chronic pain, appraisal involves characterizing the threats that the pain …

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How is depression diagnosed in the setting of chronic pain? Diagnosing depression in the setting of chronic pain is challenging due to the presence of symptom overlap. Because of this, it has been suggested that questionnaires such as the Beck Depression Inventory may have less utility in the setting of chronic pain. One method that …

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What is the relationship between anxiety and depression and chronic pain? A cause and effect relationship between chronic pain and depression and anxiety may be present. However, the exact relationship has yet to be defined and continues to be a topic of debate among clinicians and researchers. One 4-year longitudinal study in the Netherlands found …

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What is the prevalence of depression in the setting of chronic pain? The prevalence of depression in people with chronic pain ranges from 31% to 100% across sources. The variability between studies is likely due to a number of factors, including varying time duration used for the definition of chronic, varying definitions of depression, and …

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What are the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorder due to another medical condition? A. Panic attacks or anxiety is predominant in the clinical picture. B. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is the direct pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition. C. The disturbance is not better explained by …

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What are the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder? DSM 4 to DSM 5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Comparison DSM 4 DSM 5 Disorder Class: Anxiety Disorders SAME A. Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as …

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