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What is Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole is an antibacterial sulfonamide. It is classified as an intermediate-acting sulfonamide and is longer-acting than sulfisoxazole, which allows it to be given 2—3 times daily, possibly aiding in compliance.
Although it was once an extremely useful antibiotic, the development of resistance and the availability of newer agents has made sulfamethoxazole almost obsolete as a single agent.
Today, clinical use of sulfamethoxazole occurs primarily in combination with trimethoprim, commonly known as Bactrim or Septra. Sulfamethoxazole was approved by the FDA in 1961.
In April 2000, Roche Labortatories, discontinued manufacturing of Gantanol products; there are no generic single-ingredient sulfamethoxazole products FDA-approved in the US.
Indications
- cervicitis
- chlamydia infection
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- chlamydial conjunctivitis
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- cystitis
- Enterobacter sp.
- Escherichia coli
- Haemophilus ducreyi
- Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative)
- Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive)
- Klebsiella sp.
- malaria
- Nocardia asteroides
- Nocardia brasiliensis
- nocardiosis
- Plasmodium falciparum
- proctitis
- Proteus mirabilis
- Proteus vulgaris
- pyelonephritis
- Salmonella sp.
- Shigella sp.
- Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)
- Streptococcus sp.
- Toxoplasma gondii
- toxoplasmosis
- urethritis
- urinary tract infection (UTI)
Side Effects
- agranulocytosis
- anorexia
- aplastic anemia
- bullous rash
- crystalluria
- diarrhea
- diuresis
- dizziness
- erythema nodosum
- goiter
- headache
- hematuria
- hepatic necrosis
- hypoglycemia
- interstitial nephritis
- lethargy
- maculopapular rash
- nausea
- pancytopenia
- photosensitivity
- purpura
- renal tubular necrosis
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- thrombocytopenia
- toxic epidermal necrolysis
- urticaria
- vomiting
Monitoring Parameters
- CBC
- serum creatinine/BUN
Contraindications
- bone marrow suppression
- breast-feeding
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitor hypersensitivity
- children
- dental disease
- folate deficiency megaloblastic anemia
- G6PD deficiency
- geriatric
- hepatic disease
- infants
- intramuscular injections
- neonates
- porphyria
- pregnancy
- renal impairment
- sulfonamide hypersensitivity
- sulfonylurea hypersensitivity
- sunlight (UV) exposure
- thiazide diuretic hypersensitivity
Interactions
No information is available regarding drug interactions associated with Sulfamethoxazole
