What are the recommendations for vitamin D supplementation in older adults? The 2010 Institute of Medicine recommendations for vitamin D supplementation are set at 600 IU/day for men and women aged 51 to 70 years and 800 IU/day for older individuals. In 2010, the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) recommended that older adults aged ≥ 65 …
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Why is vitamin D status important in older adults? Vitamin D supplementation has been found to reduce the incidence of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly. This may occur via increased bone mineralization and/or improved muscle function and reduction in falls. According to the Institute of Medicine, vitamin D deficiency is defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin …
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What are the results of prospective studies of intentional weight loss (through lifestyle, weight loss medications, or weight loss surgery) in the elderly? Obesity in older adults is a mounting public health concern given its increasing incidence and association with loss of functional independence and frailty. Hypocaloric diets have been effective in reducing total and …
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Does the menopause trigger an increase in abdominal obesity in women? Evidence supports an increase in abdominal adiposity with the menopausal transition in women. Cross-sectional comparisons of women across menopausal stages show greater waist size across stages. Prospective cohort studies indicate an increase in total fat mass and a disproportionate increase in abdominal fat that …
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Does fat mass increase or get redistributed with aging? The loss of lean mass with aging is accompanied by an increase in overall fat mass. Specifically, there is an increase in total adiposity and a shift from lower body subcutaneous fat to more abdominal visceral fat depots with advancing age. An increase in central adiposity …
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What pharmacologic agents are available for use in elderly patients with low bone density? In addition to lifestyle recommendations for all patients (adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D through the diet or supplements), several FDA-approved agents are available for management of osteoporosis and osteopenia in individuals at high risk for fractures. Bisphosphonates, antiresorptive agents …
What criteria are used to determine who should be treated for low bone density? DXA is the best test for monitoring changes in BMD in the elderly population. Clinical practice guidelines recommend bone density screening to identify osteoporosis in all women aged ≥ 65 years and in men aged ≥ 70 years. Earlier bone density …
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