Do sex hormones influence the skeletal response to exercise? In animal models, the effects of mechanical stress in the presence of estrogens (in females) or androgens (in males) on the bone proliferative response have been found to be either additive or synergistic (i.e., more than additive). There is also evidence for additive or synergistic effects …
Do sex hormones influence the skeletal response to exercise Read More »
Can weight bearing exercise prevent the menopause related loss of bone mineral density in women? It is unlikely that even vigorous weight-bearing exercise can completely mitigate the deleterious effects of estrogen deficiency on BMD. Older female athletes not on hormone replacement therapy have lower BMD compared with premenopausal athletes. Additionally, young female athletes with menstrual …
Does menopause have an independent effect on bone health? The decline in BMD accelerates in the late perimenopausal and early postmenopausal periods in women. What remains somewhat controversial is whether the menopause-induced increase in bone resorption diminishes after a few years or persists into old age. In this regard, observational studies of women aged 65 …
Does menopause have an independent effect on bone health Read More »
What changes in bone health occur with aging? Prospective data indicate that peak bone mass occurs during late teenage years in women and about a decade later in men. Because of intimate structural and functional links between muscle and bone, the occurrence of peak bone mass likely corresponds with peak skeletal muscle development. It is …
What changes in lean body mass occur with aging? There is an inevitable loss of lean body mass, mostly skeletal muscle, with aging. Cross-sectional studies demonstrate that starting at age 30 years, 1% to 2% of muscle mass is lost per year, such that a 20% to 30% loss of lean mass is observed by …
What effect does aging have on body weight? Aging is associated with changes in body composition that may be influenced by the endocrine milieu and can have important endocrine/metabolic consequences. In general, body weight increases with advancing age until about age 60 years; thereafter, it stabilizes and then declines after age 65 to 70 years. …
Are any ICPIs being investigated for the treatment of thyroid cancer? Small, ongoing clinical trials testing CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 inhibitors are underway in combination with other treatment modalities in patients with anaplastic, poorly differentiated, and recurrent differentiated thyroid cancers. In a recent case report, a patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer showing BRAF and PD-L1 …