Health

What are the recommendations for testosterone replacement therapy in older men with androgen deficiency? The most recent guidelines from the Endocrine Society published in 2018 recommend against routinely prescribing testosterone to all men age ≥65 years with low serum testosterone concentrations. The Endocrine Society recommends screening for and diagnosing androgen deficiency in older men only …

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Is there evidence for side effects of testosterone supplementation in men with low or low-normal testosterone levels? Common adverse events reported with testosterone supplementation include acne, oily skin, and breast tenderness. Small decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) may also occur with testosterone therapy. A rise in hematocrit and frank erythrocytosis are dose-related, more common …

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Are there benefits of testosterone supplementation for older men with low normal testosterone levels? Of the RCTs that have been conducted in otherwise healthy, older hypogonadal men, most found an increase or maintenance of fat-free mass (bone and muscle) and a decrease in fat mass (including abdominal visceral and intermuscular fat) with testosterone therapy. Whether …

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What is the prevalence of hypogonadism in older men? The prevalence of male hypogonadism is not completely known because of the lack of consensus on the definition of hypogonadism with aging. When using a biochemical definition of hypogonadism of serum total testosterone concentrations < 325 ng/dL, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging reported increased hypogonadism …

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What is the cause of decreases in male testosterone levels with aging? The decline in serum testosterone levels with aging in men is quite variable, and changes in health and lifestyle factors can contribute to this variability. For example, obesity and comorbid disease, including diabetes, are associated with greater rates of decline in serum testosterone. …

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What happens to testosterone and estradiol levels with aging in men? Serum total testosterone represents the unbound and protein-bound testosterone in the circulation. Most testosterone is bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin; only 2% to 4% of circulating testosterone is unbound or free. In general, serum total testosterone levels decline gradually with …

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What interventions have been associated with increased longevity and have they been shown to work in humans? Studies of yeast, worms, flies, rodents, and mammals have demonstrated that caloric restriction (CR; 30%–40% reduction in daily energy intake) increases mean (i.e., average life expectancy) and maximal life span. Interestingly, generating a negative energy balance in rodents …

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