Major differential diagnosis for gas seen in the wall of the stomach

What is the major differential diagnosis for gas seen in the wall of the stomach?

Emphysematous gastritis is a rare type of infectious gastritis caused by gas-forming organisms following gastric ischemia or infarction secondary to severe injury from various causes including caustic ingestion, surgery, or gastric volvulus. Patients with this condition are typically acutely ill, and there is an associated high mortality rate. On cross-sectional imaging, multiple gas bubbles are seen in the gastric wall, which may be thickened.

Gastric emphysema is secondary to a mucosal rent that allows gas to extend into the gastric wall. This condition may occur secondary to gastric outlet obstruction or gastric iatrogenic injury during endoscopy or other instrumentation. Patients with this condition are typically asymptomatic. On cross-sectional imaging, long linear foci of gas are typically seen circumferentially in the gastric wall.

Gastric pneumatosis is a very rare form of pneumatosis intestinalis in which multiple gas-filled cysts or blebs are present in the gastric wall. Patients with this condition are typically asymptomatic. On cross-sectional imaging, multiple gas bubbles are seen in the gastric wall.

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