Empagliflozin Linagliptin

Empagliflozin Linagliptin Brand Name– GLYXAMBI

What is Empagliflozin Linagliptin

Empagliflozin linagliptin is an oral antidiabetic combination.

Empagliflozin is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. The product used to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

During clinical trials, patients on the combination experienced a mean A1C reduction of 1.1% to 1.3% from baseline, a significant decrease vs. the use of either drug alone. The target A1C was achieved in many patients when the combination was used as add-on therapy with metformin.

Empagliflozin alone has been shown to have cardiovascular (CV) risk-reduction benefits. Empagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: CV death, the first occurrence of non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke) by 14% relative to placebo (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.99).

Results from the study supported the FDA approval of empagliflozin to reduce the risk of CV death in adults with type 2 DM and concurrent CV disease; however, the empagliflozin; linagliptin products are not approved for this indication.

Empagliflozin also significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HF) compared with placebo.

Metformin is first-line in the treatment of type 2 DM. Additional therapy with an SGLT2 inhibitor with evidence of reducing HF and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression should be considered in patients with indicators of high-risk or established CKD or HF, independent of baseline A1C or individualized A1C target.

SGLT2 inhibitors with proven CV-risk reduction, like empagliflozin, are also an alternative treatment option in DM patients with indicators of high-risk or established CV disease who cannot tolerate a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA).

The DPP-4 inhibitors, like linagliptin, are well tolerated, have a neutral effect on weight, and have minimal risk of hypoglycemia.

Indications

  • type 2 diabetes mellitus

For the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with diet and exercise to improve glycemic control when treatment with both empagliflozin and linagliptin is appropriate

Side Effects

  1. anaphylactoid reactions
  2. angioedema
  3. arthralgia
  4. balanitis
  5. bronchospasm
  6. bullous rash
  7. candidiasis
  8. cough
  9. cystitis
  10. dehydration
  11. diabetic ketoacidosis
  12. diarrhea
  13. diuresis
  14. exfoliative dermatitis
  15. heart failure
  16. hyperamylasemia
  17. hypercholesterolemia
  18. hyperlipidemia
  19. hyperuricemia
  20. hypoglycemia
  21. hypotension
  22. hypovolemia
  23. increased urinary frequency
  24. infection
  25. myalgia
  26. nausea
  27. necrotizing fasciitis
  28. nocturia
  29. oral ulceration
  30. orthostatic hypotension
  31. pancreatitis
  32. pemphigus
  33. pharyngitis
  34. phimosis
  35. polydipsia
  36. polyuria
  37. rash
  38. renal failure (unspecified)
  39. rhabdomyolysis
  40. stomatitis
  41. syncope
  42. tissue necrosis
  43. urticaria
  44. vaginitis
  45. weight loss

Monitoring Parameters

  • blood glucose
  • glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
  • serum cholesterol profile
  • serum creatinine/BUN

Contraindications

  • adrenal insufficiency
  • arthralgia
  • balanitis
  • breast-feeding
  • burns
  • children
  • dehydration
  • diabetic ketoacidosis
  • dialysis
  • diarrhea
  • exfoliative dermatitis
  • fever
  • gastroparesis
  • geriatric
  • GI obstruction
  • heart failure
  • history of angioedema
  • hypercortisolism
  • hyperglycemia
  • hyperthyroidism
  • hypoglycemia
  • hypotension
  • hypothyroidism
  • hypovolemia
  • ileus
  • infants
  • infection
  • malnutrition
  • pancreatitis
  • pituitary insufficiency
  • pregnancy
  • pyelonephritis
  • renal failure
  • renal impairment
  • serious rash
  • surgery
  • tissue necrosis
  • trauma
  • type 1 diabetes mellitus
  • urinary tract infection (UTI)
  • vaginitis
  • vomiting

Interactions

  • Acebutolol
  • Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
  • Acetaminophen; Butalbital
  • Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine
  • Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
  • Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
  • Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
  • Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
  • Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
  • Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
  • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
  • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
  • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
  • Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
  • Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
  • Acetaminophen; Pseudoephedrine
  • Acetazolamide
  • Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine
  • Aliskiren; Amlodipine
  • Aliskiren; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
  • Aliskiren; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
  • Aliskiren; Valsartan
  • Amiloride
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  • Aminosalicylate sodium, Aminosalicylic acid
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  • Amlodipine; Celecoxib
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  • Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan
  • Amlodipine; Olmesartan
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  • Valsartan
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