Amphetamine

Amphetamine Brand Names

Adzenys | Adzenys XR | Dyanavel XR | Evekeo

What is Amphetamine

Amphetamine sulfate is an orally administered central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used primarily to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the immediate-release tablet also carries indications for narcolepsy and exogenous obesity.

Stimulants, such as amphetamine, are highly effective in the treatment of ADHD and are considered first-line therapy.

Amphetamine- and methylphenidate-containing products are considered equally effective in the treatment of ADHD; patients who do not respond to one may respond to the other.

The most common adverse effects associated with amphetamine use include anorexia, abdominal pain, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, emotional lability, and tachycardia.

Stimulants can induce or exacerbate psychiatric symptoms and should be used with caution in patients with a history of mania, psychosis, or substance abuse. Due to the possibility of new or worsening adverse psychiatric events (e.g., psychosis, aggression), close monitoring is recommended in patients with pre-existing psychosis or bipolar disorder.

Stimulants have also been associated with sudden death in patients with structural cardiac abnormalities; patients with structural heart defects, cardiomyopathy, or heart-rhythm disturbances may be at risk for adverse cardiac events.

The American Heart Association recommends careful screening of all children and adolescents prior to initiating pharmacologic therapy for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including a detailed patient and family history and physical examination.

Amphetamines are not agents of choice for weight loss in obese patients. According to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology (AACE/ACE) Obesity Clinical Practice Guidelines, short-term pharmacotherapy, such as with the amphetamine anorectics, has not been shown to produce longer-term health benefits in obese and overweight patients and cannot be generally recommended and weight loss with these agents is usually not sustained.

Amphetamines should not be used for weight management long-term.

Indications

1. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
2. narcolepsy
3. obesity

Side Effects

1. abdominal pain
2. agitation
3. alopecia
4. anaphylactoid reactions
5. angioedema
6. anorexia
7. anxiety
8. arrhythmia exacerbation
9. asthenia
10. blurred vision
11. bowel necrosis
12. bradycardia
13. cardiomyopathy
14. chest pain (unspecified)
15. confusion
16. constipation
17. delirium
18. depression
19. diaphoresis
20. diarrhea
21. dizziness
22. drowsiness
23. dysgeusia
24. dyskinesia
25. dysmenorrhea
26. dyspepsia
27. dysphemia
28. dysphoria
29. dyspnea
30. emotional lability
31. epistaxis
32. euphoria
33. fatigue
34. fever
35. formication
36. growth inhibition
37. hallucinations
38. headache
39. hostility
40. hyperhidrosis
41. hyperreflexia
42. hypertension
43. hyperthermia
44. hypotension
45. impotence (erectile dysfunction)
46. infection
47. insomnia
48. irritability
49. libido decrease
50. libido increase
51. mania
52. mydriasis
53. myocardial infarction
54. nausea
55. ocular hypertension
56. palpitations
57. paranoia
58. paresthesias
59. peripheral vasoconstriction
60. photosensitivity
61. physiological dependence
62. priapism
63. psychological dependence
64. psychosis
65. rash
66. renal failure (unspecified)
67. restlessness
68. rhabdomyolysis
69. rhinitis
70. seizures
71. serotonin syndrome
72. sinus tachycardia
73. skin ulcer
74. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
75. stroke
76. suicidal ideation
77. supranormalization
78. syncope
79. tachypnea
80. teeth grinding (bruxism)
81. tolerance
82. Tourette’s syndrome
83. toxic epidermal necrolysis
84. tremor
85. urticaria
86. visual impairment
87. vomiting
88. weight loss
89. withdrawal
90. xerostomia

Monitoring Parameters

• blood pressure
• growth rate
• heart rate
• weight

Contraindications

• abrupt discontinuation
• acute myocardial infarction
• alcoholism
• anorexia nervosa
• aortic stenosis
• arteriosclerosis
• bipolar disorder
• breast-feeding
• bulimia nervosa
• cardiac arrhythmias
• cardiac disease
• cardiomyopathy
• cerebrovascular disease
• children
• congenital heart disease
• coronary artery disease
• depression
• driving or operating machinery
• ethanol ingestion
• geriatric
• glaucoma
• growth inhibition
• heart failure
• hepatic disease
• hypercortisolism
• hypertension
• hyperthyroidism
• infants
• mania
• MAOI therapy
• neonates
• obesity treatment
• peripheral vascular disease
• pregnancy
• prosthetic heart valves
• psychosis
• radiographic contrast administration
• Raynaud’s phenomenon
• renal impairment
• schizophrenia
• seizure disorder
• seizures
• stroke
• substance abuse
• suicidal ideation
• surgery
• tachycardia
• thyrotoxicosis
• tics
• Tourette’s syndrome
• ventricular arrhythmias
• ventricular dysfunction
• visual disturbance

Interactions

• Acarbose
• Acebutolol
• Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
• Acetaminophen; Tramadol
• Acetazolamide
• Aclidinium; Formoterol
• Albiglutide
• Albuterol
• Albuterol; Ipratropium
• Alfentanil
• Aliskiren; Amlodipine
• Aliskiren; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Aliskiren; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Aliskiren; Valsartan
• Alkalinizing Agents
• Alogliptin; Metformin
• Alogliptin; Pioglitazone
• Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
• Aluminum Hydroxide
• Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Carbonate
• Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Hydroxide
• Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Hydroxide; Simethicone
• Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Trisilicate
• Amantadine
• Ambrisentan
• Amifampridine
• Amiloride; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Amlodipine
• Amlodipine; Atorvastatin
• Amlodipine; Benazepril
• Amlodipine; Celecoxib
• Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan
• Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan
• Amlodipine; Olmesartan
• Amlodipine; Telmisartan
• Amlodipine; Valsartan
• Ammonium Chloride
• Amoxapine
• Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
• Antacids
• Arformoterol
• Armodafinil
• Ascorbic Acid, Vitamin C
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
• Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate
• Atenolol
• Atenolol; Chlorthalidone
• Atomoxetine
• Atropine; Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
• Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
• Azilsartan
• Azilsartan; Chlorthalidone
• Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital
• Benazepril
• Benazepril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Bendroflumethiazide; Nadolol
• Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
• Beta-blockers
• Betaxolol
• Bethanechol
• Bisoprolol
• Bisoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Bosentan
• Bretylium
• Brimonidine; Timolol
• Bromocriptine
• Budesonide; Formoterol
• Bupropion
• Bupropion; Naltrexone
• Buspirone
• Caffeine
• Caffeine; Ergotamine
• Calcium Carbonate
• Calcium Carbonate; Magnesium Hydroxide
• Calcium Carbonate; Risedronate
• Calcium Carbonate; Simethicone
• Calcium-channel blockers
• Canagliflozin
• Canagliflozin; Metformin
• Candesartan
• Candesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Captopril
• Captopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Carbamazepine
• Carbidopa; Levodopa
• Carbidopa; Levodopa; Entacapone
• Cardiac glycosides
• Carteolol
• Carvedilol
• Chlorothiazide
• Chlorthalidone
• Chlorthalidone; Clonidine
• Cimetidine
• Cinacalcet
• Citalopram
• Citric Acid; Potassium Citrate
• Citric Acid; Potassium Citrate; Sodium Citrate
• Citric Acid; Sodium Citrate
• Clevidipine
• Clobazam
• Clonazepam
• Clonidine
• Cocaine
• Colchicine
• Colchicine; Probenecid
• Dacomitinib
• Dapagliflozin
• Dapagliflozin; Metformin
• Dapagliflozin; Saxagliptin
• Dasabuvir; Ombitasvir; Paritaprevir; Ritonavir
• Delavirdine
• Desvenlafaxine
• Dextromethorphan; Quinidine
• Diazepam
• Digitoxin
• Digoxin
• Dihydroergotamine
• Diltiazem
• Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors
• Dorzolamide; Timolol
• Doxazosin
• Dronabinol
• Dulaglutide
• Duloxetine
• Dyphylline
• Dyphylline; Guaifenesin
• Empagliflozin
• Empagliflozin; Linagliptin
• Empagliflozin; Linagliptin; Metformin
• Empagliflozin; Metformin
• Enalapril, Enalaprilat
• Enalapril; Felodipine
• Enalapril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Enflurane
• Eplerenone
• Epoprostenol
• Eprosartan
• Eprosartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Ergoloid Mesylates
• Ergonovine
• Ergot alkaloids
• Ergotamine
• Ertugliflozin
• Ertugliflozin; Metformin
• Ertugliflozin; Sitagliptin
• Escitalopram
• Esketamine
• Eslicarbazepine
• Esmolol
• Ethanol
• Ethotoin
• Etomidate
• Exenatide
• Ezogabine
• Famotidine
• Famotidine; Ibuprofen
• Felbamate
• Felodipine
• Fentanyl
• Fluoxetine
• Fluoxetine; Olanzapine
• Fluticasone; Salmeterol
• Fluticasone; Umeclidinium; Vilanterol
• Fluticasone; Vilanterol
• Fluvoxamine
• food
• Formoterol
• Formoterol; Mometasone
• Fosinopril
• Fosinopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Fosphenytoin
• Gabapentin
• Glimepiride; Pioglitazone
• Glimepiride; Rosiglitazone
• Glipizide; Metformin
• Glyburide; Metformin
• Glycopyrrolate; Formoterol
• Green Tea
• Guanabenz
• Guanfacine
• H2-blockers
• Halothane
• Hydantoins
• Hydralazine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Irbesartan
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Lisinopril
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Losartan
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Methyldopa
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Metoprolol
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Moexipril
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Propranolol
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Quinapril
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Spironolactone
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Telmisartan
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Triamterene
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan
• Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate; Sodium Biphosphate
• Ibritumomab Tiuxetan
• Iloprost
• Incretin Mimetics
• Indacaterol
• Indacaterol; Glycopyrrolate
• Indapamide
• Insulin Degludec; Liraglutide
• Insulin Glargine; Lixisenatide
• Insulins
• Iobenguane I 131
• Irbesartan
• Isocarboxazid
• Isoflurane
• Isradipine
• Ketamine
• Labetalol
• Lacosamide
• Lamotrigine
• Lasmiditan
• Levalbuterol
• Levetiracetam
• Levobetaxolol
• Levobunolol
• Levodopa
• Levomilnacipran
• Levothyroxine
• Levothyroxine; Liothyronine (Porcine)
• Levothyroxine; Liothyronine (Synthetic)
• Linagliptin; Metformin
• Linezolid
• Liothyronine
• Liraglutide
• Lisinopril
• Lithium
• Lixisenatide
• Loop diuretics
• Lopinavir; Ritonavir
• Lorazepam
• Lorcaserin
• Losartan
• Loxapine
• Lurasidone
• Macitentan
• Magnesium Hydroxide
• Maprotiline
• Mecamylamine
• Meglitinides
• Meperidine
• Meperidine; Promethazine
• Mephobarbital
• Metaproterenol
• Metformin
• Metformin; Pioglitazone
• Metformin; Repaglinide
• Metformin; Rosiglitazone
• Metformin; Saxagliptin
• Metformin; Sitagliptin
• Methazolamide
• Methenamine
• Methenamine; Sodium Acid Phosphate
• Methenamine; Sodium Acid Phosphate; Methylene Blue; Hyoscyamine
• Methohexital
• Methyclothiazide
• Methyldopa
• Methylene Blue
• Methylergonovine
• Methysergide
• Metolazone
• Metoprolol
• Miglitol
• Milnacipran
• Mirtazapine
• Modafinil
• Moexipril
• Molindone
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• Nabilone
• Nadolol
• Nebivolol
• Nebivolol; Valsartan
• Nefazodone
• Nicardipine
• Nicotine
• Nifedipine
• Nimodipine
• Nisoldipine
• Nitrates
• Nizatidine
• Non-Ionic Contrast Media
• Olmesartan
• Ombitasvir; Paritaprevir; Ritonavir
• Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate
• Ozanimod
• Paroxetine
• Penbutolol
• Pentobarbital
• Perampanel
• Pergolide
• Perindopril
• Perindopril; Amlodipine
• Phenelzine
• Phenobarbital
• Phenoxybenzamine
• Phentermine
• Phentermine; Topiramate
• Phentolamine
• Phenytoin
• Pindolol
• Pioglitazone
• Pirbuterol
• Potassium Bicarbonate
• Potassium Citrate
• Potassium-sparing diuretics
• Pramlintide
• Prazosin
• Pregabalin
• Primidone
• Procarbazine
• Propofol
• Propranolol
• Proton pump inhibitors
• Quinapril
• Quinidine
• Racepinephrine
• Ramipril
• Ranitidine
• Rasagiline
• Remifentanil
• Reserpine
• Riociguat
• Ritonavir
• Rosiglitazone
• Rufinamide
• Sacubitril; Valsartan
• Safinamide
• Salmeterol
• Sedating H1-blockers
• Selegiline
• Selexipag
• Semaglutide
• Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
• Serotonin-Receptor Agonists
• Sertraline
• Sevoflurane
• SGLT2 Inhibitors
• Sibutramine
• Sodium Bicarbonate
• Sodium Lactate
• Sodium Oxybate
• Solriamfetol
• Sotalol
• St. John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum
• Succinimides
• Sufentanil
• Sulfonylureas
• Tedizolid
• Telmisartan
• Terazosin
• Terbutaline
• Theophylline, Aminophylline
• Thiazide diuretics
• Thiazolidinediones
• Thiopental
• Thiothixene
• Thyroid hormones
• Tiagabine
• Timolol
• Tipranavir
• Topiramate
• Tramadol
• Trandolapril
• Trandolapril; Verapamil
• Tranylcypromine
• Trazodone
• Treprostinil
• Tricyclic antidepressants
• Tromethamine
• Umeclidinium; Vilanterol
• Valproic Acid, Divalproex Sodium
• Valsartan
• Vasodilators
• Venlafaxine
• Verapamil
• Vigabatrin
• Vilazodone
• Vortioxetine
• Yohimbine
• Ziprasidone
• Zonisamide