Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin Brand Names

Amoxil | Dispermox | Moxatag | Moxilin | Sumox | Trimox

What is Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is an oral semisynthetic aminopenicillin similar to ampicillin. The aminopenicillins are not stable to beta-lactamases of either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.

Amoxicillin is more stable to gastric acid than is penicillin and more bioavailable than oral ampicillin.

Because of greater bioavailability, amoxicillin is associated with a lower incidence of diarrhea versus orally-administered ampicillin.

Like ampicillin, amoxicillin has a broader spectrum of activity than penicillin, although the carboxy- and ureidopenicillins are much more active against gram-negative rods.

Amoxicillin is commonly used to treat infections such as otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis, and bacterial cystitis caused by susceptible organisms.

To increase the efficacy of amoxicillin against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae in otitis or respiratory infections, higher dosage regimens have been recommended.

Amoxicillin is routinely used for endocarditis prophylaxis. Amoxicillin is also used in various regimens for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection (e.g., see Prevpac(R) monograph).

Due to the increasing prevalence of resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae, aminopenicillins are no longer recommended for the treatment of gonorrhea. Amoxicillin was approved by the FDA in 1974.

DisperMox™ (amoxicillin tablets for oral suspension) was approved August 11, 2003.

Amoxicillin extended-release (Moxatag™) 775 mg tablets were FDA-pproved January 2008 for treating adults and adolescents with tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes.

Indications

1. Actinomyces sp.
2. anthrax
3. anthrax prophylaxis
4. Bacillus anthracis
5. Bifidobacterium sp.
6. Bordetella pertussis
7. Borrelia burgdorferi
8. Brucella sp.
9. cellulitis
10. cervicitis
11. chlamydia infection
12. Clostridium perfringens
13. Clostridium tetani
14. community-acquired pneumonia
15. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
16. cystitis
17. dental abscess (apical)
18. dental abscess (periapical)
19. dental infection
20. dentoalveolar infection
21. duodenal ulcer
22. dyspepsia
23. Eikenella corrodens
24. endocarditis prophylaxis
25. Enterococcus faecalis
26. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
27. erythema migrans
28. Escherichia coli
29. Eubacterium sp.
30. gastric ulcer
31. Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative)
32. Helicobacter pylori
33. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication
34. Lactobacillus sp.
35. Listeria monocytogenes
36. lower respiratory tract infections
37. Lyme disease
38. Neisseria meningitidis
39. otitis media
40. Peptococcus sp.
41. Peptostreptococcus sp.
42. periodontitis
43. pharyngitis
44. pneumonia
45. preterm premature rupture of membranes
46. Prevotella melaninogenica
47. Propionibacterium sp.
48. Proteus mirabilis
49. rheumatic fever prophylaxis
50. Salmonella enteritidis
51. Salmonella sp.
52. Salmonella typhi
53. Shigella sp.
54. sinusitis
55. skin and skin structure infections
56. Staphylococcus sp.
57. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci)
58. Streptococcus dysgalactiae
59. Streptococcus pneumoniae
60. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci)
61. tonsillitis
62. Treponema pallidum
63. typhoid fever
64. upper respiratory tract infections
65. urethritis
66. urinary tract infection (UTI)
67. urinary tract infection (UTI) prophylaxis
68. Vibrio cholerae
69. Viridans streptococci

Side Effects

1. abdominal pain
2. acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)
3. agitation
4. agranulocytosis
5. anaphylactic shock
6. anaphylactoid reactions
7. anemia
8. angioedema
9. anxiety
10. bullous rash
11. candidiasis
12. cholestasis
13. colitis
14. confusion
15. contact dermatitis
16. crystalluria
17. dental fluorosis
18. diarrhea
19. dizziness
20. dysgeusia
21. dysphagia
22. elevated hepatic enzymes
23. eosinophilia
24. erythema multiforme
25. esophagitis
26. exfoliative dermatitis
27. headache
28. hemolytic anemia
29. hepatitis
30. insomnia
31. Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
32. jaundice
33. leukopenia
34. maculopapular rash
35. nausea
36. odynophagia
37. platelet dysfunction
38. prolonged bleeding time
39. pseudomembranous colitis
40. rash
41. seizures
42. serum sickness
43. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
44. superinfection
45. thrombocytopenia
46. thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
47. tongue discoloration
48. tooth discoloration
49. toxic epidermal necrolysis
50. urticaria
51. vasculitis
52. vomiting

Monitoring Parameters

• serum creatinine/BUN

Contraindications

• asthma
• breast-feeding
• carbapenem hypersensitivity
• cephalosporin hypersensitivity
• children
• colitis
• dialysis
• diarrhea
• eczema
• geriatric
• GI disease
• infants
• inflammatory bowel disease
• laboratory test interference
• mononucleosis
• neonates
• penicillin hypersensitivity
• phenylketonuria
• pregnancy
• premature neonates
• pseudomembranous colitis
• renal failure
• renal impairment
• sexually transmitted disease
• ulcerative colitis
• urticaria

Interactions

• Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
• Allopurinol
• Amiloride
• Amiloride; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Aspirin, ASA
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate
• Aspirin, ASA; Dipyridamole
• Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
• Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
• Aspirin, ASA; Pravastatin
• Choline Salicylate; Magnesium Salicylate
• Colchicine; Probenecid
• Dichlorphenamide
• Dienogest; Estradiol valerate
• Digoxin
• Drospirenone
• Drospirenone; Estradiol
• Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol
• Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate
• Elagolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate
• Erythromycin; Sulfisoxazole
• Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
• Estradiol; Norethindrone
• Estradiol; Norgestimate
• Ethacrynic Acid
• Ethinyl Estradiol
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Desogestrel
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethynodiol Diacetate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Etonogestrel
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Ferrous bisglycinate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Folic Acid; Levomefolate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norelgestromin
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate; Ferrous fumarate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone; Ferrous fumarate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestimate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestrel
• Furosemide
• Indomethacin
• Lesinurad; Allopurinol
• Leuprolide; Norethindrone
• Levonorgestrel
• Magnesium Salicylate
• Mestranol; Norethindrone
• Methotrexate
• Mycophenolate
• Norethindrone
• Norgestrel
• Oral Contraceptives
• Probenecid
• Pyrimethamine; Sulfadoxine
• Salsalate
• Segesterone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol
• Sodium Benzoate; Sodium Phenylacetate
• Sodium picosulfate; Magnesium oxide; Anhydrous citric acid
• Sulfadiazine
• Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim, SMX-TMP, Cotrimoxazole
• Sulfasalazine
• Sulfisoxazole
• Sulfonamides
• Tetracyclines
• Typhoid Vaccine
• Warfarin