What biologic and oral small molecule therapies have been evaluated for use in SLE?
Other biologics including TNF inhibitors, abatacept, epratuzumab, tabalumab, ocrelizumab, and tocilizumab have had mixed or negative results when used in SLE patients. Monoclonal antibodies against type I IFNs (e.g., IFNα) and the type I IFN receptor are currently under investigation but with mixed results. Oral JAK inhibitors, atacicept, low dose IL-2, apremilast, and ustekinumab are also being investigated.
