What are secondary causes of metabolic myopathies?
- A. Endocrine myopathies
- • Acromegaly
- • Carcinoid syndrome
- • Cushing’s and Addison’s diseases
- • Hyperaldosteronism
- • Hyperparathyroidism
- • Hyper- and hypo-thyroidism
- B. Metabolic-nutritional myopathies
- • Hepatic failure
- • Malabsorption and periodic paralysis
- • Uremia
- • Vitamin D and E deficiencies
- C. Electrolyte disorders
- • Elevated or decreased levels of sodium, potassium, or calcium
- • Hypomagnesemia
- • Hypophosphatemia
- D. Genetic muscle diseases (e.g. muscular dystrophies)
- • Dystrophinopathies (Duchenne & Becker)
- • Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD 1C, 2A, 2B, 2C-E, 2I, 2L, 2T)
- • RYR1-related myopathies