Causes of secondary Osteoarthritis
- I. Congenital disorders
- a) Hip
- • Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease
- • Congenital hip dislocation
- • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- • Congenital shallow acetabulum
- • Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
- b) Dysplasias
- • Epiphyseal dysplasia
- • Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
- a) Hip
- II. Mechanical features
- • Joint hypermobility syndromes
- • Leg length discrepancy
- • Varus/valgus deformity
- • Scoliosis
- III. Trauma: anterior cruciate ligament tear; fracture through joint; meniscectomy
- IV. Metabolic diseases
- • Hemochromatosis
- • Ochronosis
- • Gaucher’s disease
- • Hemoglobinopathy
- • Crystal deposition disorders
- V. Endocrine disorders
- • Acromegaly
- • Hypothyroidism
- • Hyperparathyroidism
- VI. Neuropathic joints
- • Diabetes mellitus
- • Syphilis
- VII. Other
- • End result of any infectious or inflammatory arthropathy
- • Osteonecrosis
- • Paget’s disease
- • Kashin–Beck disease: osteochondropathy in China as a result of mycotoxins and selenium deficiency.