Besides renovascular and the traditional endocrine causes of hypertension, what are eight uncommon, but important causes of secondary hypertension?
- • Obstructive sleep apnea (typically causing hyperaldosteronism)
- • Drug-induced hypertension (especially nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, steroids, and/or other immunosuppressants)
- • Thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism more commonly than hyperthyroidism)
- • Coarctation of the aorta (typically manifested as different blood pressures in the arms or a lower blood pressure in the legs)
- • Hyperparathyroidism (hypertension is found in only 10% of patients with hyperparathyroidism in the general population and up to 60% of those with additional endocrinopathies, especially multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. Removal of the parathyroid adenoma does not always lower blood pressure
- • Acromegaly (18% to 60% [increasing with age at diagnosis] of patients with acromegaly have hypertension; many have left ventricular hypertrophy; most respond well to antihypertensive drugs; and some have blood pressures that revert to normal when the acromegaly is cured)
- • “Neurogenic” hypertension
- • Liddle syndrome (a rare genetic disorder that is also called pseudohyperaldosteronism)
