Prophylactic Treatment to reduce risk of Contrast induced nephropathy
What are the historical prophylactic therapies that reduce cin risk and how effective are they?
Several classes of pharmacologic agents have been investigated to provide prophylaxis from contrast nephropathy.
The following agents failed in prospective trials and are not recommended:
• Theophylline has been examined as a prophylactic treatment for CIN because of its effect on renal vasodilation through non-selective blockage of the adenosine receptor; however, it is not generally recommended because of its lack of evidence in large, randomized, controlled trials and potential drug-related toxicity when administered intravenously (such as ventricular arrhythmias, seizures, and shock)
• Mannitol
• Furosemide
• Dopamine
• Atrial natriuretic peptide
• Fenoldopam
• Endothelin receptor antagonist
