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GI manifestations of common endocrine syndromes and neoplastic disorders
- Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes and multiple endocrine neoplasias affect various endocrine systems, but they also affect the GI tract. The below table provides a summary.
GI Manifestations of Common Endocrine Syndromes
GI Manifestations | Non-GI Manifestations | |
---|---|---|
APS Type 1 | Oral candidiasis, pernicious anemia, celiac disease | Hypoparathyroidism Adrenal insufficiency Hypogonadism Autoimmune thyroid disease Alopecia |
APS Type 2 | Type 1 diabetes (pancreatic failure) | Autoimmune thyroid disease Adrenal insufficiency |
MEN Type 1 | Pancreatic tumors (e.g., insulinoma, gastrinoma) | Hyperparathyroidism Pituitary tumor |
MEN Type 2A | Hirschsprung’s disease (colonic obstruction and megacolon) | Medullary thyroid cancer Pheochromocytoma Hyperparathyroidism |
MEN Type 2B | Mucosal neuromas affecting tongue and intestines | Medullary thyroid cancer Pheochromocytoma |
APS, Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome; GI, gastrointestinal; MEN, multiple endocrine neoplasia.