Neomycin Brand Name– Neo Fradin
What is Neomycin
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is derived from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae.
Although bioavailability after oral administration is poor, neomycin is administered orally in patients with hepatic coma or portal-systemic encephalopathy. Oral neomycin also has a lipid-lowering effect but is infrequently used for this purpose.
Neomycin is most often used topically as an antiinfective.
Parenteral neomycin is no longer used due to severe ototoxicity, and administration of neomycin as a surgical irrigant is no longer recommended.
Neomycin is not indicated for the treatment of systemic infections because it can cause irreversible ototoxicity.
Neomycin was approved by the FDA in 1952.
Indications
- Acinetobacter sp.
- Bacillus anthracis
- bowel preparation
- Citrobacter sp.
- Enterobacter sp.
- Escherichia coli
- Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative)
- Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive)
- hepatic encephalopathy
- infectious diarrhea
- Klebsiella sp.
- Neisseria sp.
- Proteus mirabilis
- Proteus vulgaris
- Providencia sp.
- Salmonella sp.
- Serratia sp.
- Shigella sp.
- skin and skin structure infections
- Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
Side Effects
- azotemia
- cylindruria
- diarrhea
- folate deficiency
- hearing loss
- hyposthenuria
- iron deficiency
- maculopapular rash
- myasthenia
- nausea
- nephrotoxicity
- neurotoxicity
- ototoxicity
- proteinuria
- pruritus
- pyuria
- renal tubular acidosis (RTA)
- renal tubular necrosis
- seizures
- steatorrhea
- superinfection
- tinnitus
- urticaria
- vertigo
- vitamin B12 deficiency
- vitamin B6 deficiency
- vitamin D deficiency
- vomiting
Monitoring Parameters
- audiometry
- serum creatinine/BUN
Contraindications
- aminoglycoside hypersensitivity
- botulism
- breast-feeding
- colitis
- dehydration
- diarrhea
- geriatric
- GI disease
- GI obstruction
- hearing impairment
- ileus
- inflammatory bowel disease
- myasthenia gravis
- neonates
- nephrotoxicity
- neuromuscular blockade
- neuromuscular disease
- neurotoxicity
- ototoxicity
- parkinsonism
- pregnancy
- pseudomembranous colitis
- renal disease
- renal impairment
- respiratory depression
- respiratory insufficiency
- ulcerative colitis
Interactions
- Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
- Amphotericin B
- Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex (ABCD)
- Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC)
- Amphotericin B liposomal (LAmB)
- Bacitracin
- Beractant
- Botulinum Toxins
- Calfactant
- Cisplatin
- Clofarabine
- Colfosceril; Cetyl Alcohol; Tyloxapol
- Cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B12
- Cyclosporine
- Dienogest; Estradiol valerate
- Digoxin
- Enflurane
- Estradiol
- Estradiol Cypionate; Medroxyprogesterone
- Fluorouracil, 5-FU
- Lactulose
- Methotrexate
- Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
- Oral Contraceptives
- Penicillin V
- Poractant Alfa
- Regorafenib
- Sorafenib
- Surfactants
- Warfarin