Eszopiclone Brand Name– Lunesta
What is Eszopiclone
Eszopiclone is a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic and the first indicated for chronic treatment of insomnia.
Although chemically unrelated to other hypnotics, such as the benzodiazepines or barbiturates, eszopiclone does share some pharmacological actions with these drugs.
Unlike the benzodiazepines, it produces muscle relaxation and anticonvulsant effects only at doses much higher than the hypnotic dose. Eszopiclone has a rapid onset of action and should only be taken immediately before going to sleep.
Eszopiclone has two primary metabolites with little or no activity at recommended therapeutic doses, which reduces the possibility of residual next-day effects from prolonged or excessive sedation.
CNS depression with impairment of cognitive and motor function, commonly seen with barbiturates or long-acting benzodiazepines in the treatment for insomnia, is not common with eszopiclone.
Flumazenil will antagonize its sedative actions.
Eszopiclone was approved by the FDA in December 2004.
Indications
- insomnia
For the treatment of insomnia
Side Effects
- abnormal dreams
- acne vulgaris
- agitation
- alopecia
- amenorrhea
- anaphylactoid reactions
- anemia
- angioedema
- anorexia
- anxiety
- appetite stimulation
- ataxia
- breast enlargement
- bronchospasm
- chest pain (unspecified)
- cholelithiasis
- colitis
- complex sleep-related behaviors
- confusion
- conjunctivitis
- contact dermatitis
- cystitis
- dehydration
- depression
- diaphoresis
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- dysgeusia
- dysmenorrhea
- dysosmia
- dyspepsia
- dysphagia
- dyspnea
- dysuria
- emotional lability
- epistaxis
- erythema multiforme
- euphoria
- fever
- furunculosis
- gastritis
- gout
- gynecomastia
- halitosis
- hallucinations
- headache
- heat intolerance
- hematuria
- hepatitis
- hepatomegaly
- hiccups
- hirsutism
- hostility
- hyperacusis
- hypercholesterolemia
- hyperesthesia
- hyperlipidemia
- hypertension
- hypertonia
- hypokalemia
- impaired cognition
- increased urinary frequency
- infection
- insomnia
- iritis
- laryngitis
- libido decrease
- lymphadenopathy
- maculopapular rash
- malaise
- melena
- memory impairment
- menorrhagia
- migraine
- muscle cramps
- myasthenia
- mydriasis
- myopathy
- nausea
- neuritis
- nystagmus
- oliguria
- oral ulceration
- otalgia
- paresthesias
- peptic ulcer
- peripheral edema
- peripheral neuropathy
- phlebitis
- photophobia
- photosensitivity
- polydipsia
- ptosis
- rash
- restlessness
- skin discoloration
- somnambulism
- stomatitis
- suicidal ideation
- tinnitus
- tremor
- urinary incontinence
- urticaria
- vaginal bleeding
- vaginitis
- vertigo
- vomiting
- weight gain
- weight loss
- xerophthalmia
- xerosis
- xerostomia
Monitoring Parameters
- laboratory monitoring not necessary
Contraindications
- abrupt discontinuation
- alcoholism
- angioedema
- behavioral changes
- breast-feeding
- children
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- CNS depression
- coadministration with other CNS depressants
- complex sleep-related behaviors
- depression
- driving or operating machinery
- drug-induced complex sleep-related behaviors
- ethanol ingestion
- geriatric
- hepatic disease
- infants
- neonates
- pregnancy
- respiratory depression
- sleep apnea
- substance abuse
- suicidal ideation
Interactions
- Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Codeine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine
- Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
- Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine
- Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone
- Acetaminophen; Oxycodone
- Acetaminophen; Pentazocine
- Acetaminophen; Propoxyphene
- Acetaminophen; Tramadol
- Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine
- Aldesleukin, IL-2
- Alfentanil
- Alprazolam
- Amiodarone
- Amitriptyline
- Amitriptyline; Chlordiazepoxide
- Amobarbital
- Amoxapine
- Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Lansoprazole
- Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole
- Apalutamide
- Apomorphine
- Apraclonidine
- Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant
- Aripiprazole
- Asenapine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
- Atazanavir; Cobicistat
- Atropine; Difenoxin
- Atropine; Diphenoxylate
- Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
- atypical antipsychotic
- Azelastine
- Azelastine; Fluticasone
- Baclofen
- Barbiturates
- Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital
- Belladonna; Opium
- Benzhydrocodone; Acetaminophen
- Benzodiazepines
- Benztropine
- Boceprevir
- Brexpiprazole
- Brimonidine
- Brimonidine; Brinzolamide
- Brimonidine; Timolol
- Brompheniramine
- Brompheniramine; Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
- Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin
- Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Brompheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
- Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Buprenorphine
- Buprenorphine; Naloxone
- Buspirone
- Butabarbital
- Butorphanol
- Caffeine
- Caffeine; Ergotamine
- Cannabidiol
- Capsaicin; Metaxalone
- Carbamazepine
- Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine
- Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin
- Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine
- Carbetapentane; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbetapentane; Pyrilamine
- Carbidopa; Levodopa; Entacapone
- Carbinoxamine
- Carbinoxamine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Pseudoephedrine
- Cariprazine
- Carisoprodol
- Cenobamate
- Ceritinib
- Cetirizine
- Cetirizine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlophedianol; Dexbrompheniramine
- Chlophedianol; Dexchlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chloramphenicol
- Chlorcyclizine
- Chlordiazepoxide
- Chlordiazepoxide; Clidinium
- Chlorpheniramine
- Chlorpheniramine; Codeine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan
- Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorzoxazone
- Ciprofloxacin
- Clarithromycin
- Clemastine
- Clobazam
- Clomipramine
- Clonazepam
- Clorazepate
- Clozapine
- Cobicistat
- Codeine
- Codeine; Guaifenesin
- Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Codeine; Promethazine
- COMT inhibitors
- Conivaptan
- Cyclizine
- Cyclobenzaprine
- Cyproheptadine
- Dantrolene
- Darunavir; Cobicistat
- Darunavir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide
- Delavirdine
- Desipramine
- Deutetrabenazine
- Dexamethasone
- Dexchlorpheniramine
- Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Dexmedetomidine
- Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Diazepam
- Dicyclomine
- Dihydrocodeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Diltiazem
- Dimenhydrinate
- Diphenhydramine
- Diphenhydramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen
- Diphenhydramine; Naproxen
- Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Doxepin
- Doxylamine
- Doxylamine; Pyridoxine
- Dronabinol
- Dronedarone
- Droperidol
- Elbasvir; Grazoprevir
- Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide
- Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
- Enflurane
- Entacapone
- Enzalutamide
- Erythromycin
- Erythromycin; Sulfisoxazole
- Esketamine
- Estazolam
- Ethanol
- Ethotoin
- Etomidate
- Ezogabine
- Fenfluramine
- Fentanyl
- Fluconazole
- Flumazenil
- Fluoxetine
- Fluoxetine; Olanzapine
- Flurazepam
- Fluvoxamine
- Fosphenytoin
- Fospropofol
- Gabapentin
- General anesthetics
- Green Tea
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Haloperidol
- Halothane
- Homatropine; Hydrocodone
- Hydantoins
- Hydrocodone
- Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen
- Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydromorphone
- Hydroxyzine
- Ibuprofen; Oxycodone
- Idelalisib
- Iloperidone
- Imatinib
- Imipramine
- Isavuconazonium
- Isocarboxazid
- Isoflurane
- Itraconazole
- Ketamine
- Ketoconazole
- Lapatinib
- Lasmiditan
- Lemborexant
- Letermovir
- Levocetirizine
- Levomethadyl
- Levorphanol
- Lithium
- Lofexidine
- Lorazepam
- Loxapine
- Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor
- Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor
- Lumateperone
- Lurasidone
- Maprotiline
- Meclizine
- Melatonin
- Mepenzolate
- Meperidine
- Meperidine; Promethazine
- Mephobarbital
- Metaxalone
- Methadone
- Methocarbamol
- Methohexital
- Methscopolamine
- Metoclopramide
- Metyrapone
- Midazolam
- Mifepristone
- Mirtazapine
- Mitotane
- Molindone
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Morphine
- Morphine; Naltrexone
- Nabilone
- Nalbuphine
- Nefazodone
- Netupitant, Fosnetupitant; Palonosetron
- Nortriptyline
- Olanzapine
- Oritavancin
- Orphenadrine
- Oxazepam
- Oxybutynin
- Oxycodone
- Oxymorphone
- Paliperidone
- Papaverine
- Pazopanib
- Pentazocine
- Pentazocine; Naloxone
- Pentobarbital
- Perampanel
- Perphenazine; Amitriptyline
- Phenelzine
- Phenobarbital
- Phenothiazines
- Phentermine; Topiramate
- Phenytoin
- Pimozide
- Posaconazole
- Pramipexole
- Pregabalin
- Primidone
- Propofol
- Propoxyphene
- Protease inhibitors
- Protriptyline
- Quazepam
- Quetiapine
- Ramelteon
- Rasagiline
- Remifentanil
- Ribociclib
- Ribociclib; Letrozole
- Rifamycins
- Risperidone
- Ropinirole
- Rotigotine
- Safinamide
- Scopolamine
- Secobarbital
- Sedating H1-blockers
- Selegiline
- Sevoflurane
- Simeprevir
- Sodium Oxybate
- St. John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum
- Sufentanil
- Suvorexant
- Tapentadol
- Telaprevir
- Telithromycin
- Telotristat Ethyl
- Temazepam
- Tetrabenazine
- Thalidomide
- Thiopental
- Thiothixene
- Tizanidine
- Tolcapone
- Topiramate
- Tramadol
- Trandolapril; Verapamil
- Tranylcypromine
- Trazodone
- Triazolam
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Trihexyphenidyl
- Trimethobenzamide
- Trimipramine
- Triprolidine
- Tucatinib
- Valerian, Valeriana officinalis
- Vemurafenib
- Verapamil
- Vigabatrin
- Vilazodone
- Voriconazole
- Zafirlukast
- Ziconotide
- Ziprasidone
