Ephedrine Brand Name– AKOVAZ | CORPHEDRA
What is Ephedrine
Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic agent obtained from the Ephedra plant that has been used medicinally in China for thousands of years.
Although already commercially available, ephedrine sulfate injections were formally FDA-approved for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia in 2016.
Ephedrine was used historically as a bronchodilator, but an FDA review of data confirmed ephedrine-induced cardiovascular risks, including hypertension, heart problems, and stroke.
In July 2005, the FDA removed from the U.S. market all ephedrine containing OTC medicines and dietary supplements, i.e., ma huang, Chinese ephedra, ma huang extract, ephedra, Ephedra sinica, ephedra extract, ephedra herb powder, epitonin, and/or ephedrine.
Ephedrine’s use in asthma has been replaced by safer and more effective agents; asthma guidelines do not mention ephedrine as an appropriate treatment for asthma.
Indications
- hypotension
For the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia
Side Effects
- agitation
- angina
- anorexia
- anxiety
- arrhythmia exacerbation
- bradycardia
- cardiac arrest
- confusion
- delirium
- diaphoresis
- dizziness
- dysuria
- euphoria
- hallucinations
- headache
- hyperreflexia
- hypertension
- insomnia
- irritability
- myocardial infarction
- nausea
- pallor
- palpitations
- premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
- psychosis
- restlessness
- seizures
- sinus tachycardia
- stroke
- supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
- tolerance
- tremor
- urinary retention
- ventricular fibrillation
- vertigo
- vomiting
- weakness
Monitoring Parameters
- blood pressure
- heart rate
Contraindications
- angina
- breast-feeding
- cardiac arrhythmias
- cardiac disease
- closed-angle glaucoma
- coronary artery disease
- diabetes mellitus
- geriatric
- hypertension
- hyperthyroidism
- hypotension
- labor
- obstetric delivery
- pregnancy
- prostatic hypertrophy
- thyrotoxicosis
Interactions
- Acarbose
- Acebutolol
- Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetazolamide
- Aclidinium; Formoterol
- Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine
- Albiglutide
- Albuterol
- Albuterol; Ipratropium
- Alogliptin; Metformin
- Alogliptin; Pioglitazone
- Alpha-blockers
- Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
- Ambrisentan
- Amitriptyline
- Amitriptyline; Chlordiazepoxide
- Amoxapine
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- Arformoterol
- Articaine; Epinephrine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
- Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate
- Atenolol
- Atenolol; Chlorthalidone
- Atomoxetine
- Atropine
- Atropine; Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
- Atropine; Difenoxin
- Atropine; Diphenoxylate
- Atropine; Edrophonium
- Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
- Azelastine; Fluticasone
- Beclomethasone
- Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital
- Bendroflumethiazide; Nadolol
- Beta-blockers
- Betamethasone
- Betaxolol
- Bethanechol
- Bisoprolol
- Bisoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Bosentan
- Bretylium
- Brimonidine; Timolol
- Bromocriptine
- Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Budesonide
- Budesonide; Formoterol
- Caffeine
- Caffeine; Ergotamine
- Calcium-channel blockers
- Canagliflozin
- Canagliflozin; Metformin
- Carbetapentane; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbidopa; Levodopa; Entacapone
- Carbinoxamine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Cardiac glycosides
- Carteolol
- Carvedilol
- Cetirizine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlophedianol; Dexchlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpromazine
- Chlorthalidone; Clonidine
- Ciclesonide
- Citric Acid; Potassium Citrate
- Citric Acid; Potassium Citrate; Sodium Citrate
- Citric Acid; Sodium Citrate
- Clomipramine
- Clonidine
- Cocaine
- Colchicine
- Colchicine; Probenecid
- Corticosteroids
- Cortisone
- Dapagliflozin
- Dapagliflozin; Metformin
- Dapagliflozin; Saxagliptin
- Deflazacort
- Desipramine
- Desloratadine; Pseudoephedrine
- Dexamethasone
- Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Dexmethylphenidate
- Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Diethylpropion
- Digitoxin
- Digoxin
- Dihydrocodeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Dihydroergotamine
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors
- Dopamine
- Dorzolamide; Timolol
- Doxepin
- Dronabinol
- Dulaglutide
- Dyphylline
- Dyphylline; Guaifenesin
- Empagliflozin
- Empagliflozin; Linagliptin
- Empagliflozin; Linagliptin; Metformin
- Empagliflozin; Metformin
- Entacapone
- Epinephrine
- Eplerenone
- Epoprostenol
- Ergoloid Mesylates
- Ergonovine
- Ergot alkaloids
- Ergotamine
- Ertugliflozin
- Ertugliflozin; Metformin
- Ertugliflozin; Sitagliptin
- Esmolol
- Exenatide
- Fexofenadine; Pseudoephedrine
- Fludrocortisone
- Flunisolide
- Fluphenazine
- Fluticasone
- Fluticasone; Salmeterol
- Fluticasone; Umeclidinium; Vilanterol
- Fluticasone; Vilanterol
- Formoterol
- Formoterol; Mometasone
- Glimepiride; Pioglitazone
- Glimepiride; Rosiglitazone
- Glipizide; Metformin
- Glyburide; Metformin
- Glycopyrrolate; Formoterol
- Green Tea
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Guanabenz
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Methyldopa
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Metoprolol
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Propranolol
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydrocortisone
- Ibuprofen; Pseudoephedrine
- Iloprost
- Imipramine
- Incretin Mimetics
- Indacaterol
- Indacaterol; Glycopyrrolate
- Indapamide
- Insulin Degludec; Liraglutide
- Insulin Glargine; Lixisenatide
- Insulins
- Iobenguane I 131
- Iohexol
- Ionic Contrast Media
- Iopamidol
- Iopromide
- Ioversol
- Isocarboxazid
- Isosulfan Blue
- Ketamine
- Labetalol
- Levalbuterol
- Levobetaxolol
- Levobunolol
- Levothyroxine
- Levothyroxine; Liothyronine (Porcine)
- Levothyroxine; Liothyronine (Synthetic)
- Linagliptin; Metformin
- Linezolid
- Liothyronine
- Liraglutide
- Lixisenatide
- Loop diuretics
- Loratadine; Pseudoephedrine
- Loxapine
- Macitentan
- Maprotiline
- Mecamylamine
- Meglitinides
- Mesoridazine
- Metaproterenol
- Metformin
- Metformin; Pioglitazone
- Metformin; Repaglinide
- Metformin; Rosiglitazone
- Metformin; Saxagliptin
- Metformin; Sitagliptin
- Methazolamide
- Methohexital
- Methyldopa
- Methylergonovine
- Methylphenidate
- Methylprednisolone
- Methysergide
- Metoprolol
- Miglitol
- Mometasone
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Nabilone
- Nadolol
- Naproxen; Pseudoephedrine
- Nebivolol
- Nebivolol; Valsartan
- Nitrates
- Non-Ionic Contrast Media
- Nortriptyline
- Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate
- Oxytocin
- Ozanimod
- Penbutolol
- Pergolide
- Perphenazine
- Perphenazine; Amitriptyline
- Phendimetrazine
- Phenelzine
- Phentermine
- Phentermine; Topiramate
- Pindolol
- Pioglitazone
- Pirbuterol
- Potassium Bicarbonate
- Potassium Chloride
- Potassium Citrate
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
- Pramlintide
- Prednisolone
- Prednisone
- Prilocaine; Epinephrine
- Procarbazine
- Propofol
- Propranolol
- Protriptyline
- Pseudoephedrine
- Racepinephrine
- Rasagiline
- Reserpine
- Riociguat
- Rosiglitazone
- Safinamide
- Salmeterol
- Selegiline
- Selexipag
- Semaglutide
- SGLT2 Inhibitors
- Sibutramine
- Sodium Bicarbonate
- Solriamfetol
- Sotalol
- St. John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum
- Sulfonylureas
- Terbutaline
- Theophylline, Aminophylline
- Thiazide diuretics
- Thiazolidinediones
- Thiopental
- Thioridazine
- Thiothixene
- Thyroid hormones
- Timolol
- Tranylcypromine
- Treprostinil
- Triamcinolone
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Trifluoperazine
- Trimipramine
- Umeclidinium; Vilanterol
- Vasodilators
- Yohimbine