Clonazepam

Clonazepam Brand Names- Ceberclon | Klonopin

What is Clonazepam

Clonazepam is an oral benzodiazepine used primarily in the management of seizures.

It shares many of the pharmacologic actions of the benzodiazepines, with noticeable efficacy as an anticonvulsant.

Clonazepam is clinically effective in the prophylaxis of absence seizures, petit mal variant seizures (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome), akinetic and myoclonic seizures, and nocturnal myoclonus.

It is ineffective in the management of generalized tonic-clonic seizures due to the marginal response rate, the development of tolerance, and a noticeable worsening of seizure activity when the drug is withdrawn.

Thus, clonazepam is mainly reserved for the treatment of refractory myoclonic seizures.

Several reports in the literature have documented that clonazepam was effective in relieving symptoms of restless leg syndrome (RLS).

Clonazepam tablets were approved by the FDA in June 1975.

Orally disintegrating tablets of clonazepam (i.e., Klonopin Wafers) received FDA approval in 1997, but were not marketed for panic disorder until May 2003.

Indications

1. absence seizures
2. insomnia
3. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
4. myoclonic seizures
5. nystagmus
6. panic disorder
7. restless legs syndrome (RLS)

For the alternative treatment of absence seizures, petit mal variant (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome), and akinetic and myoclonic seizures (myoclonia)

Side Effects

1. abdominal pain
2. acne vulgaris
3. agitation
4. alopecia
5. amnesia
6. anemia
7. anorexia
8. anxiety
9. appetite stimulation
10. arthralgia
11. ataxia
12. back pain
13. bleeding
14. blurred vision
15. candidiasis
16. chest pain (unspecified)
17. coma
18. confusion
19. constipation
20. contact dermatitis
21. cough
22. cystitis
23. dehydration
24. depression
25. diarrhea
26. diplopia
27. dizziness
28. drowsiness
29. dysarthria
30. dysgeusia
31. dysmenorrhea
32. dyspepsia
33. dyspnea
34. dysuria
35. edema
36. elevated hepatic enzymes
37. emotional lability
38. eosinophilia
39. epistaxis
40. excitability
41. fatigue
42. fecal incontinence
43. fever
44. flatulence
45. flushing
46. gastritis
47. gout
48. hallucinations
49. headache
50. hemorrhoids
51. hepatomegaly
52. hirsutism
53. hoarseness
54. hostility
55. hypersalivation
56. hypertonia
57. hypoesthesia
58. hypotonia
59. impotence (erectile dysfunction)
60. increased urinary frequency
61. infection
62. influenza
63. insomnia
64. irritability
65. leukopenia
66. libido decrease
67. libido increase
68. lymphadenopathy
69. memory impairment
70. menstrual irregularity
71. migraine
72. muscle cramps
73. musculoskeletal pain
74. myalgia
75. nausea
76. nightmares
77. nocturia
78. nystagmus
79. orthostatic hypotension
80. palpitations
81. paresis
82. paresthesias
83. pharyngitis
84. physiological dependence
85. polyuria
86. pruritus
87. psychological dependence
88. psychosis
89. pyrosis (heartburn)
90. rash
91. respiratory depression
92. rhinitis
93. rhinorrhea
94. shivering
95. sinusitis
96. sneezing
97. suicidal ideation
98. teratogenesis
99. thrombocytopenia
100. tolerance
101. tremor
102. urinary incontinence
103. urinary retention
104. urine discoloration
105. vaginitis
106. vertigo
107. visual impairment
108. weakness
109. weight gain
110. weight loss
111. withdrawal
112. xerophthalmia
113. yawning

Monitoring Parameters

• CBC
• LFTs

Contraindications

• abrupt discontinuation
• asthma
• benzodiazepine dependence
• benzodiazepine hypersensitivity
• bipolar disorder
• breast-feeding
• bronchitis
• children
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• closed-angle glaucoma
• CNS depression
• coadministration with other CNS depressants
• coma
• dementia
• depression
• driving or operating machinery
• ethanol ingestion
• ethanol intoxication
• geriatric
• hepatic disease
• infants
• labor
• mania
• myasthenia gravis
• neonates
• neuromuscular disease
• obstetric delivery
• Parkinson’s disease
• porphyria
• pregnancy
• psychosis
• pulmonary disease
• renal failure
• renal impairment
• respiratory depression
• seizure disorder
• seizures
• shock
• sleep apnea
• status epilepticus
• substance abuse
• suicidal ideation

Interactions

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