Chlorpropamide Brand Name– Diabinese
What is Chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide is an oral sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). It is a member of the ‘first-generation’ of low potency sulfonylurea agents that include acetohexamide, tolazamide and tolbutamide.
Chlorpropamide is 6 times as potent as tolbutamide. Although all sulfonylurea antidiabetic agents exhibit similar hypoglycemic mechanisms, there are quantitative differences in their individual pharmacokinetic properties that distinguish them.
Chlorpropamide has the longest half-life of any of the sulfonylureas.
Metformin is first-line in the treatment of type 2 DM. In patients with established cardiovascular (CV) disease, heart failure (HF), or chronic kidney disease (CKD), a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) with proven CV benefit and reduction of CKD progression is recommended for add-on therapy, independent of baseline A1C or individualized A1C target.
In patients without indicators of high-risk or established CVD, HF, or CKD, sulfonylureas are an option that as a class generally reduce hemoglobin A1C by 1% to 2%; however, the second-generation agents are preferred over first-generation agents due to a lower risk of hypoglycemia and favorable cost, efficacy, and safety profiles.
Disadvantages of sulfonylurea therapy include hypoglycemia (especially in the elderly), weight gain, and frequent loss of efficacy over time; however, the weight gain is relatively modest in large cohort studies and the incidence of severe hypoglycemia is lower than with insulin.
Chlorpropamide exhibits antidiuretic activity that resulted in historic use as an alternate agent for central diabetes insipidus.
Due to the risk of hypoglycemia, chlorpropamide use for central diabetes insipidus is an alternative therapy to DDAVP. It is ineffective in treating nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Indications
- diabetes insipidus
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
For the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise
Side Effects
- agranulocytosis
- angioedema
- anorexia
- aplastic anemia
- arthralgia
- blurred vision
- cholestasis
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- elevated hepatic enzymes
- eosinophilia
- erythema multiforme
- exfoliative dermatitis
- flushing
- headache
- hemolysis
- hemolytic anemia
- hepatic failure
- hepatitis
- hypoglycemia
- hyponatremia
- jaundice
- leukopenia
- maculopapular rash
- myalgia
- nausea
- pancytopenia
- photosensitivity
- porphyria
- pruritus
- secondary failure
- SIADH
- thrombocytopenia
- urticaria
- vasculitis
- vomiting
- weight gain
Monitoring Parameters
- blood glucose
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity
- glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
- LFTs
- serum creatinine/BUN
Contraindications
- ascites
- breast-feeding
- children
- diabetic ketoacidosis
- fever
- G6PD deficiency
- geriatric
- heart failure
- hepatic disease
- hypoglycemia
- infection
- neonates
- obstetric delivery
- porphyria
- pregnancy
- renal disease
- renal failure
- renal impairment
- sulfonamide hypersensitivity
- sulfonylurea hypersensitivity
- surgery
- thyroid disease
- trauma
- type 1 diabetes mellitus
Interactions
- Acebutolol
- Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
- Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Pseudoephedrine
- Acitretin
- Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine
- Aliskiren; Valsartan
- Alkalinizing Agents
- Allopurinol
- Alogliptin; Metformin
- Aminolevulinic Acid
- Amiodarone
- Amlodipine; Benazepril
- Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan
- Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan
- Amlodipine; Olmesartan
- Amlodipine; Telmisartan
- Amlodipine; Valsartan
- Ammonium Chloride
- Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Lansoprazole
- Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole
- Amphetamine
- Amphetamine; Dextroamphetamine
- Amprenavir
- Androgens
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant
- Aripiprazole
- Articaine; Epinephrine
- Asenapine
- Aspirin, ASA
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate
- Aspirin, ASA; Dipyridamole
- Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
- Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
- Aspirin, ASA; Pravastatin
- Atazanavir
- Atazanavir; Cobicistat
- Atenolol
- Atenolol; Chlorthalidone
- atypical antipsychotic
- Azilsartan
- Azilsartan; Chlorthalidone
- Benazepril
- Benazepril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Bendroflumethiazide; Nadolol
- Benzphetamine
- Beta-blockers
- Betaxolol
- Bexarotene
- Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium; Metronidazole; Tetracycline
- Bismuth Subsalicylate
- Bismuth Subsalicylate; Metronidazole; Tetracycline
- Bisoprolol
- Bisoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Bortezomib
- Bosentan
- Brexpiprazole
- Brimonidine; Timolol
- Brompheniramine; Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
- Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Bumetanide
- Canagliflozin; Metformin
- Candesartan
- Candesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Captopril
- Captopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine
- Carbetapentane; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Cariprazine
- Carteolol
- Carvedilol
- Cetirizine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlophedianol; Dexchlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlophedianol; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Chloramphenicol
- Chloroquine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorthalidone; Clonidine
- Choline Salicylate; Magnesium Salicylate
- Chromium
- Cimetidine
- Cisapride
- Citric Acid; Potassium Citrate
- Citric Acid; Potassium Citrate; Sodium Citrate
- Clarithromycin
- Clindamycin; Tretinoin
- Clonidine
- Clozapine
- Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Colchicine; Probenecid
- Colesevelam
- Conjugated Estrogens
- Conjugated Estrogens; Bazedoxifene
- Conjugated Estrogens; Medroxyprogesterone
- Corticosteroids
- Cyclosporine
- Daclatasvir
- Danazol
- Dapagliflozin; Metformin
- Darunavir
- Darunavir; Cobicistat
- Darunavir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide
- Dasabuvir; Ombitasvir; Paritaprevir; Ritonavir
- Dasabuvir; Ombitasvir; Paritaprevir; Ritonavir
- Demeclocycline
- Desloratadine; Pseudoephedrine
- Desmopressin
- Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Dexmethylphenidate
- Dextroamphetamine
- Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Diazoxide
- Dienogest; Estradiol valerate
- Diethylpropion
- Diethylstilbestrol, DES
- Dihydrocodeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Diphenhydramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Disopyramide
- Dobutamine
- Dopamine
- Dorzolamide; Timolol
- Doxycycline
- Drospirenone; Estradiol
- Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol
- Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate
- Elagolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate
- Elbasvir; Grazoprevir
- Empagliflozin; Linagliptin; Metformin
- Empagliflozin; Metformin
- Enalapril, Enalaprilat
- Enalapril; Felodipine
- Enalapril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Ephedrine
- Epinephrine
- Eprosartan
- Eprosartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Eravacycline
- Ertugliflozin; Metformin
- Esmolol
- Esterified Estrogens
- Esterified Estrogens; Methyltestosterone
- Estradiol
- Estradiol Cypionate; Medroxyprogesterone
- Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
- Estradiol; Norethindrone
- Estradiol; Norgestimate
- Estradiol; Progesterone
- Estramustine
- Estrogens
- Estropipate
- Ethanol
- Ethinyl Estradiol
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Desogestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethynodiol Diacetate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Etonogestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Ferrous bisglycinate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Folic Acid; Levomefolate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norelgestromin
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate; Ferrous fumarate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone; Ferrous fumarate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestimate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestrel
- Ethotoin
- Exenatide
- Fenofibrate
- Fenofibric Acid
- Fexofenadine; Pseudoephedrine
- Fluconazole
- Fluocinolone; Hydroquinone; Tretinoin
- Fluoxetine
- Fluoxetine; Olanzapine
- Fluoxymesterone
- Fosamprenavir
- Fosinopril
- Fosinopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Fosphenytoin
- Furosemide
- Garlic, Allium sativum
- Gemfibrozil
- Glecaprevir; Pibrentasvir
- Glimepiride; Rosiglitazone
- Glipizide; Metformin
- Glyburide; Metformin
- Green Tea
- Griseofulvin
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Halobetasol; Tazarotene
- Hydantoins
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Irbesartan
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Lisinopril
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Losartan
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Metoprolol
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Moexipril
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Propranolol
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Quinapril
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Telmisartan
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Triamterene
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan
- Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydroxychloroquine
- Ibuprofen; Pseudoephedrine
- Iloperidone
- Indapamide
- Indinavir
- Insulin Glargine; Lixisenatide
- Irbesartan
- Isocarboxazid
- Isoproterenol
- Itraconazole
- Ketoconazole
- Labetalol
- Lanreotide
- Ledipasvir; Sofosbuvir
- Lesinurad; Allopurinol
- Levobetaxolol
- Levobunolol
- Linagliptin; Metformin
- Linezolid
- Lisdexamfetamine
- Lisinopril
- Lithium
- Lixisenatide
- Lomefloxacin
- Lopinavir; Ritonavir
- Loratadine; Pseudoephedrine
- Lorcaserin
- Losartan
- Lovastatin; Niacin
- Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor
- Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor
- Lumateperone
- Lurasidone
- Magnesium Salicylate
- Mecasermin rinfabate
- Mecasermin, Recombinant, rh-IGF-1
- Mepivacaine; Levonordefrin
- Mequinol; Tretinoin
- Mestranol; Norethindrone
- Metformin
- Metformin; Pioglitazone
- Metformin; Repaglinide
- Metformin; Rosiglitazone
- Metformin; Saxagliptin
- Metformin; Sitagliptin
- Methamphetamine
- Methotrexate
- Methoxsalen
- Methylphenidate
- Methyltestosterone
- Metoprolol
- Metreleptin
- Metyrapone
- Miconazole
- Midodrine
- Minocycline
- Moexipril
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Nadolol
- Nandrolone Decanoate
- Naproxen; Pseudoephedrine
- Nebivolol
- Nebivolol; Valsartan
- Nelfinavir
- Niacin, Niacinamide
- Niacin; Simvastatin
- Nicotine
- Nitazoxanide
- Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
- Norepinephrine
- Octreotide
- Olanzapine
- Olmesartan
- Omadacycline
- Ombitasvir; Paritaprevir; Ritonavir
- Oritavancin
- Orlistat
- Oxandrolone
- Oxymetholone
- Paliperidone
- Pasireotide
- Pegvisomant
- Pemoline
- Penbutolol
- Pentamidine
- Pentoxifylline
- Perindopril
- Perindopril; Amlodipine
- Phendimetrazine
- Phenelzine
- Phenothiazines
- Phentermine
- Phentermine; Topiramate
- Phenylephrine
- Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Phenytoin
- Photosensitizing agents (topical)
- Pindolol
- Porfimer
- Potassium Bicarbonate
- Potassium Chloride
- Potassium Citrate
- Prasterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA (Dietary Supplements)
- Prasterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA (FDA-approved)
- Prilocaine; Epinephrine
- Probenecid
- Progestins
- Propranolol
- Protease inhibitors
- Pseudoephedrine
- Quetiapine
- Quinapril
- Quinolones
- Racepinephrine
- Ramipril
- Ranitidine
- Reserpine
- Rifamycins
- Risperidone
- Ritodrine
- Ritonavir
- Rosiglitazone
- Sacubitril; Valsartan
- Salsalate
- Saquinavir
- Sarecycline
- Segesterone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol
- Selegiline
- Sofosbuvir
- Sofosbuvir; Velpatasvir
- Sofosbuvir; Velpatasvir; Voxilaprevir
- Somatropin, rh-GH
- Sotalol
- Sparfloxacin
- Sulfacetamide
- Sulfacetamide; Sulfur
- Sulfinpyrazone
- Sulfonamides
- Sympathomimetics
- Tacrolimus
- Tazarotene
- Tegaserod
- Telmisartan
- Testolactone
- Testosterone
- Tetracycline
- Tetracyclines
- Thiazide diuretics
- Thyroid hormones
- Timolol
- Tipranavir
- tobacco
- Torsemide
- Trandolapril
- Trandolapril; Verapamil
- Tranylcypromine
- Tretinoin, ATRA
- Triamterene
- Trovafloxacin, Alatrofloxacin
- Valsartan
- Vasopressin, ADH
- Verteporfin
- Voriconazole
- Warfarin
- Ziprasidone
