Chlorothiazide

Chlorothiazide Brand Name– Diuril | Sodium Diuril

What is Chlorothiazide

Chlorothiazide is an oral and parenteral thiazide diuretic.

Chlorothiazide is indicated for the treatment of hypertension and as adjunctive therapy for edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, corticosteroids, or estrogen therapy.

An off-label indication for chlorothiazide includes the treatment of hypercalciuria in children.

The IV preparation should be used only in patients who are unable to take oral medication. At maximal therapeutic dosage, thiazide diuretics are approximately equal in diuretic efficacy.

Chlorothiazide was approved by the FDA in 1957.

Indications

1. ascites
2. chronic lung disease (CLD)
3. congenital hyperinsulinemia
4. diabetes insipidus
5. edema
6. heart failure
7. hypercalciuria
8. hypertension
9. nephrotic syndrome
10. secondary hypoglycemia

Side Effects

1. abdominal pain
2. agranulocytosis
3. alopecia
4. anaphylactoid reactions
5. anorexia
6. aplastic anemia
7. azotemia
8. blurred vision
9. constipation
10. diarrhea
11. dizziness
12. dyspepsia
13. erythema multiforme
14. exfoliative dermatitis
15. fever
16. glycosuria
17. gout
18. headache
19. hemolytic anemia
20. hypercalcemia
21. hypercholesterolemia
22. hyperglycemia
23. hypertriglyceridemia
24. hyperuricemia
25. hypochloremia
26. hypokalemia
27. hypomagnesemia
28. hyponatremia
29. hypotension
30. impotence (erectile dysfunction)
31. interstitial nephritis
32. jaundice
33. leukopenia
34. metabolic alkalosis
35. muscle cramps
36. nausea
37. orthostatic hypotension
38. pancreatitis
39. paresthesias
40. photosensitivity
41. pneumonitis
42. pulmonary edema
43. purpura
44. rash
45. renal failure (unspecified)
46. restlessness
47. sialadenitis
48. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
49. thrombocytopenia
50. tissue necrosis
51. toxic epidermal necrolysis
52. urticaria
53. vasculitis
54. vertigo
55. vomiting
56. weakness
57. xanthopsia

Monitoring Parameters

• blood glucose
• serum calcium
• serum creatinine/BUN
• serum electrolytes
• serum magnesium
• serum uric acid

Contraindications

• acid/base imbalance
• anuria
• breast-feeding
• children
• diabetes mellitus
• electrolyte imbalance
• extravasation
• geriatric
• gout
• hepatic disease
• hypercalcemia
• hyperglycemia
• hyperkalemia
• hyperuricemia
• hypokalemia
• hypomagnesemia
• hyponatremia
• hypotension
• hypovolemia
• intramuscular administration
• neonates
• orthostatic hypotension
• preeclampsia
• pregnancy
• renal disease
• renal failure
• renal impairment
• subcutaneous administration
• sulfonamide hypersensitivity
• sunlight (UV) exposure
• sympathectomy
• syncope
• systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• thiazide diuretic hypersensitivity

Interactions

• Acarbose
• Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
• Acetaminophen; Codeine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
• Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone
• Acetaminophen; Oxycodone
• Acetaminophen; Pentazocine
• Acetaminophen; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Tramadol
• Acetazolamide
• Acetohexamide
• Aclidinium; Formoterol
• Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine
• Albiglutide
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• Hyoscyamine
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