Apraclonidine

Apraclonidine Brand Name– Iopidine

What is Apraclonidine

Apraclonidine, a relatively selective alpha₂-adrenergic agonist related to clonidine, is an ophthalmic sympathomimetic agent.

The 1% solution is used to control or prevent postsurgical elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP).

Apraclonidine 0.5% is also used as a short-term adjunctive agent to reduce IOP in glaucoma patients receiving maximally tolerated medical therapy.

This drug was approved by the FDA in 1987.

Indications

• glaucoma
• increased intraocular pressure

For the prevention or treatment of postsurgical increased intraocular pressure following argon laser trabeculoplasty, argon laser iridotomy, or Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy

Side Effects

1. abdominal pain
2. asthenia
3. blepharedema
4. blepharitis
5. blurred vision
6. bradycardia
7. chest pain (unspecified)
8. conjunctivitis
9. constipation
10. contact dermatitis
11. corneal erosion
12. depression
13. diarrhea
14. dizziness
15. drowsiness
16. dysgeusia
17. dyspnea
18. fatigue
19. foreign body sensation
20. headache
21. hyperemia
22. insomnia
23. irritability
24. keratitis
25. lacrimation
26. libido decrease
27. malaise
28. myalgia
29. mydriasis
30. nasal dryness
31. nausea
32. ocular discharge
33. ocular inflammation
34. ocular irritation
35. ocular pain
36. ocular pruritus
37. orthostatic hypotension
38. palpitations
39. paresthesias
40. parosmia
41. peripheral edema
42. pharyngitis
43. photophobia
44. pruritus
45. rhinitis
46. tolerance
47. vomiting
48. xerophthalmia
49. xerostomia

Monitoring Parameters

• intraocular pressure

Contraindications

• acute myocardial infarction
• breast-feeding
• cardiac disease
• cerebrovascular disease
• children
• contact lenses
• coronary artery disease
• depression
• driving or operating machinery
• hepatic disease
• hypertension
• infants
• MAOI therapy
• neonates
• pregnancy
• Raynaud’s phenomenon
• renal disease
• renal failure
• renal impairment
• syncope
• thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease)

Interactions

• Acetaminophen; Butalbital
• Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Acetaminophen; Codeine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine
• Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
• Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine
• Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone
• Acetaminophen; Oxycodone
• Acetaminophen; Propoxyphene
• Alfentanil
• Aliskiren
• Aliskiren; Amlodipine
• Aliskiren; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Aliskiren; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Aliskiren; Valsartan
• Alprazolam
• Amiloride
• Amiloride; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Amitriptyline; Chlordiazepoxide
• Amlodipine
• Amlodipine; Atorvastatin
• Amlodipine; Benazepril
• Amlodipine; Celecoxib
• Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan
• Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan
• Amlodipine; Olmesartan
• Amlodipine; Telmisartan
• Amlodipine; Valsartan
• Amobarbital
• Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
• Anxiolytics; Sedatives; and Hypnotics
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
• Atenolol; Chlorthalidone
• Atropine; Difenoxin
• Atropine; Diphenoxylate
• Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
• Azilsartan
• Azilsartan; Chlorthalidone
• Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital
• Belladonna; Opium
• Benazepril
• Benazepril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Bendroflumethiazide; Nadolol
• Benzodiazepines
• Beta-adrenergic blockers
• Bisoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Bosentan
• Brompheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
• Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Bumetanide
• Buspirone
• Butabarbital
• Calcium-channel blockers
• Candesartan
• Candesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Captopril
• Captopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Carbetapentane; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
• Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine
• Carbetapentane; Pyrilamine
• Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Cardiac glycosides
• Central-acting adrenergic agents
• Chloral Hydrate
• Chlordiazepoxide
• Chlordiazepoxide; Clidinium
• Chlorothiazide
• Chlorpheniramine; Codeine
• Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone
• Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpromazine
• Chlorthalidone
• Chlorthalidone; Clonidine
• Clevidipine
• Clonazepam
• Clonidine
• Clorazepate
• Codeine
• Codeine; Guaifenesin
• Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine
• Codeine; Promethazine
• Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
• Dextromethorphan; Promethazine
• Diazepam
• Diazoxide
• Dihydrocodeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
• Diltiazem
• Diphenhydramine
• Diphenhydramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen
• Diphenhydramine; Naproxen
• Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
• Doxazosin
• Doxylamine
• Doxylamine; Pyridoxine
• Droperidol
• Enalapril, Enalaprilat
• Enalapril; Felodipine
• Enalapril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Enflurane
• Eplerenone
• Epoprostenol
• Eprosartan
• Eprosartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Estazolam
• Eszopiclone
• Ethacrynic Acid
• Ethanol
• Etomidate
• Felodipine
• Fenoldopam
• Fentanyl
• Fluphenazine
• Flurazepam
• Fosinopril
• Fosinopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Fospropofol
• Furosemide
• General anesthetics
• Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
• Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Guanabenz
• Guanfacine
• Halothane
• Homatropine; Hydrocodone
• Hydralazine
• Hydralazine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Hydralazine; Isosorbide Dinitrate, ISDN
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Irbesartan
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Lisinopril
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Losartan
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Methyldopa
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Metoprolol
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Moexipril
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Propranolol
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Quinapril
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Spironolactone
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Telmisartan
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Triamterene
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan
• Hydrocodone
• Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen
• Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate
• Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine
• Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Hydromorphone
• Hydroxyzine
• Ibuprofen; Oxycodone
• Iloprost
• Irbesartan
• Isocarboxazid
• Isoflurane
• Isradipine
• Ketamine
• Levorphanol
• Lisinopril
• Loop diuretics
• Lorazepam
• Losartan
• Mecamylamine
• Mepenzolate
• Meperidine
• Meperidine; Promethazine
• Mephobarbital
• Meprobamate
• Mesoridazine
• Methadone
• Methohexital
• Methyclothiazide
• Methyldopa
• Metolazone
• Midazolam
• Minoxidil
• Moexipril
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• Morphine
• Morphine; Naltrexone
• Nebivolol; Valsartan
• Nicardipine
• Nifedipine
• Nimodipine
• Nisoldipine
• Nitroprusside
• Olmesartan
• Opiate Agonists
• Oxazepam
• Oxycodone
• Oxymorphone
• Pentobarbital
• Perindopril
• Perindopril; Amlodipine
• Perphenazine
• Perphenazine; Amitriptyline
• Phenelzine
• Phenobarbital
• Phenothiazines
• Phenoxybenzamine
• Phenylephrine; Promethazine
• Potassium-sparing diuretics
• Prazosin
• Prochlorperazine
• Promethazine
• Propofol
• Propoxyphene
• Quazepam
• Quinapril
• Ramelteon
• Ramipril
• Remifentanil
• Reserpine
• Sacubitril; Valsartan
• Secobarbital
• Selegiline
• Sevoflurane
• Sotalol
• Spironolactone
• Sufentanil
• Telmisartan
• Temazepam
• Terazosin
• Thiazide diuretics
• Thiethylperazine
• Thiopental
• Thioridazine
• Torsemide
• Trandolapril
• Trandolapril; Verapamil
• Tranylcypromine
• Treprostinil
• Triamterene
• Triazolam
• Tricyclic antidepressants
• Trifluoperazine
• Valsartan
• Verapamil
• Zaleplon
• Zolpidem