Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid

Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid Brand Names

• Amoclan
• Augmentin
• Augmentin ES
• Augmentin XR

What is Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is a combination drug marketed under the trade name Augmentin.

Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that possesses weak antibacterial activity. Combination with clavulanic acid reestablishes amoxicillin’s activity against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria.

This makes Augmentin an excellent drug for treating infections due to beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae and penicillinase-producing anaerobes.

The drug is commonly used to treat infections such as acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, acute bacterial cystitis, uncomplicated gonorrhea, and chancroid caused by susceptible organisms.

Augmentin was approved by the FDA in August 1984 and is off patent as of December 2002.

An extended release dosage form, Augmentin XR, was approved in September 2002 for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis or community-acquired pneumonia.

Indications

1. Actinomyces sp.
2. actinomycotic mycetoma
3. Bacillus anthracis
4. bacterial colonization eradication
5. Bacteroides fragilis
6. Bacteroides sp.
7. Bifidobacterium sp.
8. Bordetella pertussis
9. Borrelia burgdorferi
10. Brucella sp.
11. Burkholderia pseudomallei
12. Clostridium perfringens
13. Clostridium tetani
14. community-acquired pneumonia
15. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
16. cystitis
17. dental infection
18. dentoalveolar infection
19. Eikenella corrodens
20. Enterobacter sp.
21. Enterococcus faecalis
22. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
23. Escherichia coli
24. Eubacterium sp.
25. febrile neutropenia
26. Fusobacterium nucleatum
27. Fusobacterium sp.
28. Haemophilus ducreyi
29. Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative)
30. Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive)
31. Haemophilus parainfluenzae
32. Helicobacter pylori
33. impetigo
34. Klebsiella pneumoniae
35. Klebsiella sp.
36. Lactobacillus sp.
37. Listeria monocytogenes
38. lower respiratory tract infections
39. melioidosis
40. Moraxella catarrhalis
41. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
42. Neisseria meningitidis
43. Nocardia brasiliensis
44. otitis media
45. Peptococcus sp.
46. Peptostreptococcus magnus
47. Peptostreptococcus micros
48. Peptostreptococcus sp.
49. pericoronitis
50. periodontitis
51. pneumonia
52. Prevotella melaninogenica
53. Propionibacterium sp.
54. Proteus mirabilis
55. Salmonella enteritidis
56. Salmonella sp.
57. Salmonella typhi
58. Shigella sp.
59. sinusitis
60. skin and skin structure infections
61. Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)
62. Staphylococcus epidermidis
63. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
64. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci)
65. Streptococcus dysgalactiae
66. Streptococcus pneumoniae
67. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci)
68. Treponema pallidum
69. urinary tract infection (UTI)
70. Vibrio cholerae
71. Viridans streptococci

Side Effects

1. abdominal pain
2. acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)
3. agitation
4. agranulocytosis
5. anaphylactic shock
6. anemia
7. angioedema
8. anxiety
9. arthralgia
10. bullous rash
11. candidiasis
12. cholestasis
13. confusion
14. crystalluria
15. diaper dermatitis
16. diarrhea
17. dizziness
18. dyspepsia
19. elevated hepatic enzymes
20. enterocolitis
21. eosinophilia
22. erythema multiforme
23. exfoliative dermatitis
24. fever
25. gastritis
26. glossitis
27. headache
28. hematuria
29. hemolytic anemia
30. hepatitis
31. hyperbilirubinemia
32. insomnia
33. interstitial nephritis
34. jaundice
35. leukopenia
36. maculopapular rash
37. myalgia
38. nausea
39. nephrotic syndrome
40. oliguria
41. platelet dysfunction
42. prolonged bleeding time
43. pruritus
44. pseudomembranous colitis
45. purpura
46. rash
47. renal failure (unspecified)
48. seizures
49. serum sickness
50. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
51. stomatitis
52. superinfection
53. thrombocytopenia
54. thrombocytosis
55. thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
56. tongue discoloration
57. tooth discoloration
58. toxic epidermal necrolysis
59. urticaria
60. vaginitis
61. vasculitis
62. vomiting

Monitoring Parameters

• LFTs
• serum creatinine/BUN

Contraindications

• asthma
• breast-feeding
• carbapenem hypersensitivity
• cephalosporin hypersensitivity
• children
• cholestasis
• colitis
• dialysis
• diarrhea
• eczema
• geriatric
• GI disease
• hepatic disease
• infants
• inflammatory bowel disease
• jaundice
• labor
• mononucleosis
• neonates
• obstetric delivery
• penicillin hypersensitivity
• phenylketonuria
• pregnancy
• pseudomembranous colitis
• renal disease
• renal failure
• renal impairment
• ulcerative colitis
• urticaria

Interactions

• Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
• Allopurinol
• Amiloride
• Amiloride; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Aspirin, ASA
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate
• Aspirin, ASA; Dipyridamole
• Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
• Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
• Aspirin, ASA; Pravastatin
• Choline Salicylate; Magnesium Salicylate
• Colchicine; Probenecid
• Dichlorphenamide
• Dienogest; Estradiol valerate
• Digoxin
• Drospirenone
• Drospirenone; Estradiol
• Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol
• Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate
• Elagolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate
• Erythromycin; Sulfisoxazole
• Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
• Estradiol; Norethindrone
• Estradiol; Norgestimate
• Ethacrynic Acid
• Ethinyl Estradiol
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Desogestrel
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethynodiol Diacetate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Etonogestrel
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Ferrous bisglycinate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Folic Acid; Levomefolate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norelgestromin
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate; Ferrous fumarate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone; Ferrous fumarate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestimate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestrel
• Furosemide
• Indomethacin
• Lesinurad; Allopurinol
• Leuprolide; Norethindrone
• Levonorgestrel
• Magnesium Salicylate
• Mestranol; Norethindrone
• Methotrexate
• Mycophenolate
• Norethindrone
• Norgestrel
• Oral Contraceptives
• Probenecid
• Pyrimethamine; Sulfadoxine
• Salsalate
• Segesterone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol
• Sodium Benzoate; Sodium Phenylacetate
• Sodium picosulfate; Magnesium oxide; Anhydrous citric acid
• Sulfadiazine
• Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim, SMX-TMP, Cotrimoxazole
• Sulfasalazine
• Sulfisoxazole
• Sulfonamides
• Tetracyclines
• Typhoid Vaccine
• Warfarin