What other thrombotic manifestations can occur in patients with Antiphospholipid Antibodies?
Virtually any organ can be involved. Skin thrombosis can cause cutaneous ulceration. Digital gangrene can result from arterial occlusion. Renal artery or vein thrombosis and a thrombotic microangiopathy can cause renal insufficiency. Pulmonary emboli occur in 30% of patients with PAPS and can lead to pulmonary hypertension in 5%. Budd–Chiari syndrome due to venous thrombosis of the liver has been reported. Vena cava syndromes and subclavian vein thrombosis can occur. Avascular necrosis is increased in SLE patients with aPL. Retinal artery and vein thrombosis can lead to blindness.
