Symptoms of Axial Spondyloarthritis

Symptoms of Axial Spondyloarthritis

The clinical manifestations of axSpA usually begin in late adolescence or early adulthood, with onset after age 45 being highly uncommon.

It occurs slightly more commonly in men than women (2:1).

Patients with axSpA usually present with low back pain (LBP) and prolonged morning (and often nocturnal) stiffness, which improves with movement and exercise.

Buttock pain may initially alternate from side to side before becoming persistent.

Physical examination reveals decreased spinal mobility and sometimes enthesitis, scleral injection/photophobia (uveitis/iritis), and in advanced disease, loss of lordosis, exaggerated kyphosis, and reduced chest expansion due to costovertebral joint involvement. axSpA is often more difficult to diagnose early in women as a result of less pronounced clinical features, atypical presentations (peripheral arthritis, cervical spine disease), and possibly slower development of radiographic changes.

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