Normal control of prolactin secretion

Normal control of prolactin secretion and how it is altered in prolactin secreting tumors?

  • Multiple factors affect prolactin secretion. However, the principal influence on prolactin secretion is tonic inhibition by dopamine input from the hypothalamus.
  • Dopamine interaction with receptors of the D2 subtype on pituitary lactotroph membranes activates the inhibitory G-protein, leading to decreased adenylate cyclase activity and decreased levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
  • In prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas, a monoclonal population of prolactin-producing cells escapes the normal physiologic input of dopamine from the hypothalamus, apparently by acquiring a peripheral blood supply. In almost all cases, responsiveness to a pharmacologic dose of dopamine is maintained.
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