1. The vestibular system detects head movement and uses that information to control the VOR and to contribute to optokinetic responses, spatial orientation, postural control, and vasovagal responses.
2. Acute and chronic disorders of the vestibular system are characterized by disturbances in the behaviors mediated by the vestibular system, e.g., blurred vision, vertigo, impaired balance, nausea, and temporary changes in cardiovascular measures.
3. Standard objective tests of the vestibular system assess the VOR, other eye movements, and postural responses. Screening tests assess the VOR, vertigo, and balance.
4. Most vestibular disorders can be treated. Some disorders are best treated with exercise and other aspects of rehabilitation; other disorders are best treated with medication and/or surgery.
5. The effects of vestibular disorders can be somewhat disabling and may affect safety. The physician should carefully consider whether the individual patient is safe to drive, fly, or operate heavy machinery.
