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Common causes of tic disorders
What are the most common causes of tic disorders?
Tourette syndrome and related disorders are the most important and common causes of tics.
However, these dyskinesias may accompany other hereditary disorders or follow acquired diseases.
Etiologic Classification of Tics
| Physiologic Tics |
| Mannerisms |
| Gestures |
| Pathologic Tics |
| Primary |
| Transient tic disorder |
| Chronic tic disorder |
| Chronic motor tic disorder |
| Chronic phonic tic disorder |
| Tourette syndrome |
| Neuroacanthocytosis |
| Huntington’s disease |
| Torsion dystonia |
| Secondary |
| Chromosomal abnormalities |
| Down syndrome |
| Fragile X syndrome |
| XYY syndrome |
| XXX 9p mosaicism |
| Drugs |
| Anticonvulsants |
| Dopamine receptor-blocking drugs |
| Levodopa |
| Stimulants |
| Amphetamine |
| Cocaine |
| Methylphenidate |
| Pemoline |
| Head trauma |
| Infections |
| Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease |
| Encephalitis |
| Postencephalitic parkinsonism |
| Sydenham’s chorea |
| Pervasive developmental disorders |
| Autism |
| Rett’s syndrome |
| Others |
| Carbon monoxide poisoning |
| Schizophrenia |
| Head trauma |
| Stroke |
| Rubella syndrome |
| Static encephalopathy |
