Autoregulation

What is meant by autoregulation? 

  • Autoregulation is the concept by which blood flow remains relatively constant via the response of arterioles and venules to changes in perfusion.
  • A steep gradient of pressure exists between the artery and proximal portion of the arteriole.
  • If there is a decrease in arterial perfusion or an increase in oxygen demand (as in the postprandial state), arterioles dilate and additional capillaries are recruited to prevent tissue hypoxia.
  • Additionally, adjustments in the resistance of the venous system are employed to maintain adequate cardiac output.
  • For example, an increase in tone occurs in the setting of hypotension to enhance venous blood return to the heart 
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