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Alphavirus infections
Alphaviruses are a genus of ssRNA viruses that are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes. The seven alphaviruses which may have musculoskeletal manifestations are listed in the below table. Treatment is generally supportive and consists of analgesics and rest.
Geographic Distribution of Various Alphaviruses
| Alphavirus | Geographic Distribution |
|---|---|
| Chikungunya | East Africa, India, Southeast Asia, the Philippines, Caribbean, Central/South America |
| O’nyong-nyong | East Africa |
| Ross River | Australia, New Zealand, South Pacific Islands |
| Mayaro | South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru) |
| Sindbis (Karelian fever) | Sweden, Finland, Isthmus of Russia |
| Igbo-ora virus | Nigeria |
