Procaine Brand Name– Novocain
What is Procaine
Procaine hydrochloride is a short-acting local anesthetic of the ester type used for local and regional anesthesia.
It lacks topical anesthetic activity. Its toxicity is the standard against which others are compared.
Procaine is, however, more likely to cause a hypersensitivity reaction than are amide-type local anesthetics.
Procaine received FDA approval in 1939.
Indications
- dental anesthesia
- infiltration anesthesia
- local anesthesia
- peripheral nerve block
- regional anesthesia
- severe pain
- spinal anesthesia
- sympathetic nerve block
Side Effects
- anaphylactoid reactions
- anxiety
- arrhythmia exacerbation
- back pain
- blurred vision
- bradycardia
- bronchospasm
- cardiac arrest
- chondrolysis
- coma
- confusion
- decreased uterine contractility
- diaphoresis
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- erythema
- fecal incontinence
- fetal acidosis
- fetal bradycardia
- fever
- headache
- hypotension
- injection site reaction
- meningitis
- muscle paralysis
- nausea
- neonatal depression
- paresthesias
- pruritus
- rash
- respiratory arrest
- respiratory depression
- restlessness
- seizures
- shivering
- sneezing
- syncope
- tinnitus
- tremor
- urinary incontinence
- urinary retention
- urticaria
- vomiting
- weakness
Monitoring Parameters
- laboratory monitoring not necessary
Contraindications
- anticoagulant therapy
- AV block
- breast-feeding
- cardiac disease
- coagulopathy
- continuous intraarticular infusion administration
- dehydration
- eclampsia
- ester local anesthetic hypersensitivity
- fetal distress
- fetal prematurity
- geriatric
- head and neck anesthesia
- hepatic disease
- hypertension
- hypotension
- hypovolemia
- infection
- intraarterial administration
- intrathecal administration
- intravenous administration
- labor
- myasthenia gravis
- neurological disease
- obstetric delivery
- ocular surgery
- para-aminobenzoic acid, PABA hypersensitivity
- paracervical nerve block
- pregnancy
- pseudocholinesterase deficiency
- pudendal nerve block
- QT prolongation
- shock
- sulfite hypersensitivity
- thrombocytopenia
Interactions
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone
- Acetaminophen; Oxycodone
- Acetaminophen; Propoxyphene
- Alfentanil
- Ambenonium Chloride
- Amyl Nitrite
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
- Atracurium
- Atropine; Edrophonium
- Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital
- Belladonna; Opium
- Benzonatate
- Bepridil
- Beta-adrenergic blockers
- Bromocriptine
- Brompheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
- Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Caffeine; Ergotamine
- Calcium-channel blockers
- Capreomycin
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Central-acting adrenergic agents
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Cholinesterase inhibitors
- Cisatracurium
- Daratumumab; Hyaluronidase
- Dihydrocodeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Dihydroergotamine
- Diphenhydramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Donepezil
- Donepezil; Memantine
- Doxacurium
- Doxazosin
- Edrophonium
- Enflurane
- Eplerenone
- Epoprostenol
- Ergoloid Mesylates
- Ergonovine
- Ergot alkaloids
- Ergotamine
- Etomidate
- Fentanyl
- Fospropofol
- Galantamine
- General anesthetics
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Halothane
- Homatropine; Hydrocodone
- Hyaluronidase
- Hyaluronidase, Recombinant; Immune Globulin
- Hydralazine; Isosorbide Dinitrate, ISDN
- Hydrocodone
- Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen
- Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydromorphone
- Ibuprofen; Oxycodone
- Iloprost
- Isoflurane
- Isosorbide Dinitrate, ISDN
- Isosorbide Mononitrate
- Ketamine
- Levorphanol
- Loop diuretics
- Mecamylamine
- Meperidine
- Meperidine; Promethazine
- Methylergonovine
- Methysergide
- Minocycline
- Mivacurium
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Neostigmine
- Neuromuscular blockers
- Nitrates
- Nitroglycerin
- Oxycodone
- Oxymorphone
- Pancuronium
- Pergolide
- Phenoxybenzamine
- Phentolamine
- Physostigmine
- Polymyxins
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
- Prazosin
- Procarbazine
- Propofol
- Propoxyphene
- Pyridostigmine
- Rapacuronium
- Remifentanil
- Reserpine
- Rituximab; Hyaluronidase
- Rivastigmine
- Rocuronium
- Sevoflurane
- Sparfloxacin
- Succinylcholine
- Sufentanil
- Tacrine
- Terazosin
- Thiazide diuretics
- Trastuzumab; Hyaluronidase
- Treprostinil
- Tubocurarine
- Vasodilators
- Vecuronium
