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Prilocaine Brand Names- Citanest Plain
What is Prilocaine
NOTE: Prilocaine in combination with epinephrine is discussed in a separate monograph.
Prilocaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic of the amide class used primarily for dental anesthesia. It has an intermediate duration of action and is longer acting than lidocaine.
Prilocaine produces less vasodilation than do equal amounts of lidocaine.
Prilocaine is available with or without epinephrine bitartrate (1:200,000), which prolongs the anesthetic effect.
Prilocaine should be stored at room temperature, and dental cartridges should not be autoclaved.
Prilocaine was approved by the FDA in 1965.
Indications
- dental anesthesia
- infiltration anesthesia
- local anesthesia
- peripheral nerve block
For dental anesthesia via infiltration anesthesia or local anesthesia via peripheral nerve block
Side Effects
- anaphylactoid reactions
- anxiety
- arrhythmia exacerbation
- blurred vision
- bradycardia
- cardiac arrest
- confusion
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- edema
- euphoria
- hypotension
- injection site reaction
- methemoglobinemia
- nausea
- paresthesias
- pruritus
- rash
- respiratory arrest
- respiratory depression
- restlessness
- seizures
- tinnitus
- tremor
- urticaria
- vomiting
Monitoring Parameters
- laboratory monitoring not necessary
Contraindications
- amide local anesthetic hypersensitivity
- anticoagulant therapy
- AV block
- breast-feeding
- cardiac disease
- coagulopathy
- G6PD deficiency
- geriatric
- head and neck anesthesia
- hepatic disease
- infants
- infection
- intraarterial administration
- intravenous administration
- methemoglobinemia
- myasthenia gravis
- neonates
- pregnancy
- pulmonary disease
- QT prolongation
- shock
- thrombocytopenia
Interactions
- Acebutolol
- Acetaminophen
- Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Codeine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
- Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine
- Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone
- Acetaminophen; Oxycodone
- Acetaminophen; Pentazocine
- Acetaminophen; Propoxyphene
- Acetaminophen; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Tramadol
- Alfentanil
- Ambenonium Chloride
- Aminosalicylate sodium, Aminosalicylic acid
- Amitriptyline
- Amitriptyline; Chlordiazepoxide
- Amyl Nitrite
- Articaine; Epinephrine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
- Atazanavir
- Atazanavir; Cobicistat
- Atenolol
- Atenolol; Chlorthalidone
- Atracurium
- Atropine; Edrophonium
- Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
- Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital
- Belladonna; Opium
- Bendroflumethiazide; Nadolol
- Benzhydrocodone; Acetaminophen
- Benzonatate
- Beta-adrenergic blockers
- Betaxolol
- Bisoprolol
- Bisoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Brimonidine; Timolol
- Brompheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
- Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Bupivacaine
- Bupivacaine Liposomal
- Bupivacaine; Lidocaine
- Caffeine; Ergotamine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Carteolol
- Carvedilol
- Chloroprocaine
- Chloroquine
- Chlorpheniramine; Codeine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Cholinesterase inhibitors
- Cisatracurium
- Clomipramine
- Codeine
- Codeine; Guaifenesin
- Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Codeine; Promethazine
- Cyclophosphamide
- Dapsone
- Daratumumab; Hyaluronidase
- Desipramine
- Dihydrocodeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Dihydroergotamine
- Diphenhydramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Donepezil
- Donepezil; Memantine
- Dorzolamide; Timolol
- Doxacurium
- Doxepin
- Edrophonium
- Enflurane
- Ergoloid Mesylates
- Ergonovine
- Ergot alkaloids
- Ergotamine
- Esmolol
- Etomidate
- Fentanyl
- Flecainide
- Flutamide
- Fosphenytoin
- Fospropofol
- Galantamine
- General anesthetics
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Halothane
- Homatropine; Hydrocodone
- Hyaluronidase
- Hyaluronidase, Recombinant; Immune Globulin
- Hydralazine; Isosorbide Dinitrate, ISDN
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Metoprolol
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Propranolol
- Hydrocodone
- Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen
- Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydromorphone
- Hydroxyurea
- Ibuprofen; Oxycodone
- Ifosfamide
- Imipramine
- Isocarboxazid
- Isoflurane
- Isosorbide Dinitrate, ISDN
- Isosorbide Mononitrate
- Ketamine
- Labetalol
- Levobetaxolol
- Levobunolol
- Levomethadyl
- Levorphanol
- Lidocaine
- Lidocaine; Prilocaine
- Magnesium Salts
- Meperidine
- Meperidine; Promethazine
- Mephobarbital
- Mepivacaine
- Mepivacaine; Levonordefrin
- Methadone
- Methohexital
- Methylergonovine
- Methysergide
- Metoclopramide
- Metoprolol
- Minocycline
- Mivacurium
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Morphine
- Morphine; Naltrexone
- Nadolol
- Nebivolol
- Nebivolol; Valsartan
- Neostigmine
- Neuromuscular blockers
- Nitrates
- Nitrofurantoin
- Nitroglycerin
- Nortriptyline
- Oxycodone
- Oxymorphone
- Pancuronium
- Penbutolol
- Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine
- Penicillin G Procaine
- Pergolide
- Perphenazine; Amitriptyline
- Phenelzine
- Phenobarbital
- Phenytoin
- Physostigmine
- Pindolol
- Primaquine
- Primidone
- Procarbazine
- Propofol
- Propoxyphene
- Propranolol
- Protriptyline
- Pyridostigmine
- Quinine
- Rapacuronium
- Rasburicase
- Remifentanil
- Rituximab; Hyaluronidase
- Rivastigmine
- Rocuronium
- Ropivacaine
- Sevoflurane
- Succinylcholine
- Sufentanil
- Sulfonamides
- Tacrine
- Tetracaine
- Thiopental
- Timolol
- Tranylcypromine
- Trastuzumab; Hyaluronidase
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Trimipramine
- Tubocurarine
- Valproic Acid, Divalproex Sodium
- Vecuronium
