Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated IPV Brand Name– IPOL
What is Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated IPV
Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated IPV is a parenteral non-infectious, sterile suspension of inactivated poliovirus type 1(Mahoney), type 2 (MEF-1), and type 3 (Saukett).
The vaccine promotes active immunity to all 3 wild-types of poliovirus. Clinical infection is usually due to a single poliovirus type. Complete vaccination can be achieved with OPV, IPV, or a combination of both.
The current IPV vaccine available in the US is sometimes referred to as enhanced-potency IPV (eIPV); it has an increased amount of poliovirus antigen per dose compared to formulations that were available before 1987.
Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) regimens have been preferred for primary poliovirus prophylaxis, but in 1997 the Centers for Disease Control noted that the relative benefits of OPV versus IPV have diminished due to the elimination of wild-type poliovirus in the Western hemisphere and the reduced threat of natural poliovirus importation into the United States.
The risk of OPV-associated paralytic poliomyelitis is now less acceptable as a potential side-effect in the general population.
Furthermore, fully immunized people may still develop vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) from patients that receive OPV.
Close, susceptible contacts OPV recipients may contract vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV); OPV vaccinees can excrete VDPV for a month or longer after receiving OPV. In contrast, paralytic polio and VAPP have not been associated with inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPOL®) administration.
In the US, the all-IPV primary immunization regimen is recommended and has been since January of 2000 for infants, children and adults, both immunocompetent and immunodeficient.
Children less than 18 years of age and certain adults, including those with a history of clinical poliomyelitis, still need to receive the complete immunization series (3 or 4 injections).
The first IPV formulation was FDA-approved in 1955.
Indications
- poliovirus prophylaxis
Side Effects
- anaphylactic shock
- anaphylactoid reactions
- angioedema
- anorexia
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- erythema
- fever
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- inconsolable crying
- injection site reaction
- irritability
- lethargy
- malaise
- urticaria
- vomiting
- wheezing
Monitoring Parameters
- laboratory monitoring not necessary
Contraindications
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- agammaglobulinemia
- anticoagulant therapy
- breast-feeding
- coagulopathy
- fever
- formaldehyde hypersensitivity
- hemophilia
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
- hypogammaglobulinemia
- immunosuppression
- intraarterial administration
- intravenous administration
- neomycin hypersensitivity
- neoplastic disease
- polymyxin hypersensitivity
- pregnancy
- radiation therapy
- severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
- streptomycin hypersensitivity
- thrombocytopenia
- vitamin K deficiency
Interactions
- Ocrelizumab
- Siponimod
