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Nitrofurantoin Brand Names
Furadantin | Macrobid | Macrodantin | Urotoin
What is Nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin is a nitrofuran antibacterial agent.
It is specifically used to treat urinary tract infections caused by many gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria.
Two crystalline forms are available, the microcrystalline form and the macrocrystalline form, with the latter being useful for patients who cannot tolerate the microcrystalline form.
Nitrofurantoin was approved by the FDA in 1953.
Indications
- Citrobacter amalonaticus
- Citrobacter diversus
- Citrobacter freundii
- Corynebacterium sp.
- cystitis
- Enterobacter sp.
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Enterococcus sp.
- Escherichia coli
- Klebsiella oxytoca
- Klebsiella ozaenae
- Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci)
- Streptococcus bovis
- Streptococcus sp.
- urinary tract infection (UTI)
- urinary tract infection (UTI) prophylaxis
- Viridans streptococci
Side Effects
- abdominal pain
- agranulocytosis
- alopecia
- amblyopia
- anaphylactoid reactions
- angina
- angioedema
- anorexia
- aplastic anemia
- arthralgia
- asthenia
- bundle-branch block
- candidiasis
- chest pain (unspecified)
- chills
- cholestasis
- confusion
- constipation
- cough
- cyanosis
- depression
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- dyspepsia
- dyspnea
- elevated hepatic enzymes
- eosinophilia
- erythema multiforme
- exfoliative dermatitis
- fever
- headache
- hemolysis
- hemolytic anemia
- hepatic necrosis
- hepatitis
- jaundice
- leukopenia
- lupus-like symptoms
- maculopapular rash
- malaise
- megaloblastic anemia
- methemoglobinemia
- myalgia
- nausea
- nystagmus
- optic neuritis
- pancreatitis
- peripheral neuropathy
- pleural effusion
- pneumonitis
- pruritus
- pseudomembranous colitis
- pseudotumor cerebri
- psychosis
- pulmonary fibrosis
- sialadenitis
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- superinfection
- tachypnea
- thrombocytopenia
- urine discoloration
- urticaria
- vasculitis
- vertigo
- vomiting
Monitoring Parameters
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity
- LFTs
- pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
- serum creatinine/BUN
Contraindications
- anemia
- anuria
- breast-feeding
- children
- colitis
- diabetes mellitus
- diarrhea
- electrolyte imbalance
- G6PD deficiency
- geriatric
- GI disease
- hemolytic anemia
- hepatic disease
- infants
- inflammatory bowel disease
- jaundice
- labor
- neonates
- obstetric delivery
- oliguria
- optic neuritis
- peripheral neuropathy
- pregnancy
- pseudomembranous colitis
- pulmonary disease
- renal disease
- renal impairment
- ulcerative colitis
- viral infection
- vitamin B12 deficiency
Interactions
- Antacids
- Anticholinergics
- Articaine; Epinephrine
- Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate
- Atropine
- Atropine; Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
- Atropine; Difenoxin
- Atropine; Diphenoxylate
- Atropine; Edrophonium
- Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
- Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital
- Belladonna; Opium
- Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
- Benztropine
- Bortezomib
- Bupivacaine
- Bupivacaine Liposomal
- Bupivacaine; Lidocaine
- Calcium Carbonate
- Calcium Carbonate; Magnesium Hydroxide
- Calcium Carbonate; Risedronate
- Calcium Carbonate; Simethicone
- Chlordiazepoxide; Clidinium
- Chloroprocaine
- Colchicine; Probenecid
- Dapsone
- Dicyclomine
- Dienogest; Estradiol valerate
- Drospirenone
- Drospirenone; Estradiol
- Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol
- Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate
- Elagolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate
- Estradiol
- Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
- Estradiol; Norethindrone
- Estradiol; Norgestimate
- Ethinyl Estradiol
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Desogestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethynodiol Diacetate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Etonogestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Ferrous bisglycinate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Folic Acid; Levomefolate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norelgestromin
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate; Ferrous fumarate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone; Ferrous fumarate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestimate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestrel
- Flavoxate
- Folic Acid, Vitamin B9
- Glycopyrrolate
- Glycopyrrolate; Formoterol
- Homatropine; Hydrocodone
- Hyoscyamine
- Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate; Sodium Biphosphate
- Indacaterol; Glycopyrrolate
- Indocyanine Green
- Lanthanum Carbonate
- Leuprolide; Norethindrone
- Levomefolate
- Levonorgestrel
- Lidocaine
- Lidocaine; Prilocaine
- Mepenzolate
- Mepivacaine
- Mepivacaine; Levonordefrin
- Mestranol; Norethindrone
- Methenamine; Sodium Acid Phosphate; Methylene Blue; Hyoscyamine
- Methscopolamine
- Norethindrone
- Norgestrel
- Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate
- Oral Contraceptives
- Oxybutynin
- Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine
- Penicillin G Procaine
- Pexidartinib
- Prilocaine
- Prilocaine; Epinephrine
- Probenecid
- Propantheline
- Riluzole
- Ropivacaine
- Scopolamine
- Segesterone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol
- Sodium Bicarbonate
- Sulfinpyrazone
- Tetracaine
- Trihexyphenidyl
- Warfarin
- Zalcitabine, ddC
