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Midazolam Brand Names- Nayzilam | Versed
What is Midazolam
Midazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine used for sedation, anxiolysis, and amnesia.
Parenteral and intranasal formulations are used for the acute treatment of seizures.
Parenteral midazolam is also used therapeutically in the management of agitation in mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units, and to treat refractory status epilepticus.
Oral midazolam is useful in reducing anxiety and inducing sedation in children who would otherwise require intravenous sedation or general anesthesia to perform a medical or dental procedure.
FDA-approved labeling contains a black-box warning that describes the risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death with the concomitant use of opioids.
Indications
- acute repetitive seizures
- agitation
- alcohol withdrawal
- amnesia induction
- anxiety
- general anesthesia induction
- general anesthesia maintenance
- procedural sedation
- rapid-sequence intubation
- sedation maintenance
- status epilepticus
For procedural sedation and amnesia induction and to control preoperative anxiety
Side Effects
- agitation
- amnesia
- anaphylactoid reactions
- anxiety
- apnea
- ataxia
- blurred vision
- bradycardia
- bronchospasm
- cardiac arrest
- chills
- confusion
- cough
- delirium
- dental pain
- diplopia
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- dysarthria
- dysgeusia
- dysphonia
- dysphoria
- dyspnea
- emotional lability
- erythema
- euphoria
- excitability
- hallucinations
- headache
- hematoma
- hiccups
- hostility
- hyperreflexia
- hypersalivation
- hyperventilation
- hypotension
- hypoventilation
- hypoxia
- injection site reaction
- insomnia
- involuntary movements
- irritability
- lacrimation
- laryngospasm
- lethargy
- mania
- memory impairment
- myoclonia
- nasal irritation
- nausea
- nightmares
- nystagmus
- paresthesias
- phlebitis
- physiological dependence
- premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
- pruritus
- psychological dependence
- psychosis
- rash
- respiratory arrest
- respiratory depression
- restlessness
- rhinorrhea
- seizures
- sinus tachycardia
- sneezing
- tachypnea
- throat irritation
- tolerance
- tremor
- urticaria
- vertigo
- visual impairment
- vomiting
- weakness
- wheezing
- withdrawal
- yawning
Monitoring Parameters
- laboratory monitoring not necessary
Contraindications
- abrupt discontinuation
- benzodiazepine dependence
- benzodiazepine hypersensitivity
- bipolar disorder
- breast-feeding
- cardiac disease
- children
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- closed-angle glaucoma
- CNS depression
- coadministration with other CNS depressants
- congenital heart disease
- dehydration
- dementia
- depression
- driving or operating machinery
- electrolyte imbalance
- epidural administration
- ethanol ingestion
- ethanol intoxication
- extravasation
- geriatric
- heart failure
- hepatic disease
- hepatic encephalopathy
- hypotension
- hypovolemia
- in utero exposure
- infants
- intraarterial administration
- intrathecal administration
- intravenous administration
- labor
- mania
- neonates
- obesity
- obstetric delivery
- pregnancy
- premature neonates
- psychosis
- pulmonary disease
- pulmonary hypertension
- renal failure
- renal impairment
- requires a specialized care setting
- requires an experienced clinician
- respiratory depression
- respiratory insufficiency
- seizures
- shock
- sleep apnea
- status asthmaticus
- substance abuse
- suicidal ideation
Interactions
- Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Codeine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
- Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine
- Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone
- Acetaminophen; Oxycodone
- Acetaminophen; Pentazocine
- Acetaminophen; Propoxyphene
- Acetaminophen; Tramadol
- Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine
- Aldesleukin, IL-2
- Alfentanil
- Alogliptin; Pioglitazone
- Alprazolam
- Amiodarone
- Amobarbital
- Amoxapine
- Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Lansoprazole
- Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole
- Apalutamide
- Apomorphine
- Apraclonidine
- Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant
- Aripiprazole
- Armodafinil
- Asenapine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
- Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
- Atazanavir; Cobicistat
- Atropine; Difenoxin
- Atropine; Diphenoxylate
- Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
- Azelastine
- Azelastine; Fluticasone
- Barbiturates
- Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital
- Belladonna; Opium
- Benzhydrocodone; Acetaminophen
- Benztropine
- Boceprevir
- Bosentan
- Brigatinib
- Brimonidine
- Brimonidine; Brinzolamide
- Brimonidine; Timolol
- Brompheniramine
- Brompheniramine; Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
- Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin
- Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Brompheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
- Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Buprenorphine
- Buprenorphine; Naloxone
- Bupropion
- Bupropion; Naltrexone
- Buspirone
- Butabarbital
- Butorphanol
- Caffeine
- Caffeine; Ergotamine
- Cannabidiol
- Carbamazepine
- Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine
- Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin
- Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine
- Carbetapentane; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbetapentane; Pyrilamine
- Carbinoxamine
- Carbinoxamine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Pseudoephedrine
- Cariprazine
- Cenobamate
- Ceritinib
- Cetirizine
- Cetirizine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlophedianol; Dexbrompheniramine
- Chlophedianol; Dexchlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlophedianol; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Chlorcyclizine
- Chlorpheniramine
- Chlorpheniramine; Codeine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan
- Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorthalidone; Clonidine
- Cimetidine
- Ciprofloxacin
- Cisapride
- Clarithromycin
- Clemastine
- Clobazam
- Clofarabine
- Clonidine
- Clozapine
- Cobicistat
- Codeine
- Codeine; Guaifenesin
- Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Codeine; Promethazine
- Colchicine; Probenecid
- COMT inhibitors
- Conivaptan
- Crizotinib
- Cyclizine
- Cyproheptadine
- Dabrafenib
- Danazol
- Darifenacin
- Darunavir; Cobicistat
- Darunavir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide
- Deferasirox
- Delavirdine
- Desflurane
- Deutetrabenazine
- Dexchlorpheniramine
- Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Dexmedetomidine
- Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Dicyclomine
- Dienogest; Estradiol valerate
- Dihydrocodeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Diltiazem
- Dimenhydrinate
- Diphenhydramine
- Diphenhydramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen
- Diphenhydramine; Naproxen
- Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Disulfiram
- Doxylamine
- Doxylamine; Pyridoxine
- Dronabinol
- Dronedarone
- Droperidol
- Drospirenone; Estradiol
- Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol
- Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate
- Duvelisib
- Echinacea
- Elagolix
- Elagolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate
- Elbasvir; Grazoprevir
- Elexacaftor; tezacaftor; ivacaftor
- Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide
- Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
- Encorafenib
- Enflurane
- Enzalutamide
- Erythromycin
- Erythromycin; Sulfisoxazole
- Esketamine
- Estradiol
- Estradiol Cypionate; Medroxyprogesterone
- Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
- Estradiol; Norethindrone
- Estradiol; Norgestimate
- Estradiol; Progesterone
- Eszopiclone
- Ethanol
- Ethinyl Estradiol
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Desogestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethynodiol Diacetate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Etonogestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Ferrous bisglycinate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Folic Acid; Levomefolate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norelgestromin
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate; Ferrous fumarate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone; Ferrous fumarate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestimate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestrel
- Ethotoin
- Etomidate
- Everolimus
- Fedratinib
- Fenfluramine
- Fentanyl
- Fluconazole
- Flumazenil
- Fluoxetine
- Fluoxetine; Olanzapine
- Fluvoxamine
- food
- Fosphenytoin
- Fospropofol
- Gabapentin
- General anesthetics
- Glimepiride; Pioglitazone
- Glycerol Phenylbutyrate
- grapefruit juice
- Green Tea
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Guanabenz
- Guanfacine
- Haloperidol
- Halothane
- Homatropine; Hydrocodone
- Hydantoins
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Methyldopa
- Hydrocodone
- Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen
- Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydromorphone
- Hydroxyzine
- Ibuprofen; Oxycodone
- Idelalisib
- Iloperidone
- Imatinib
- Isavuconazonium
- Isoflurane
- Isoniazid, INH
- Isoniazid, INH; Pyrazinamide, PZA; Rifampin
- Isoniazid, INH; Rifampin
- Istradefylline
- Itraconazole
- Ivacaftor
- Ivosidenib
- Ketamine
- Ketoconazole
- Lapatinib
- Larotrectinib
- Lasmiditan
- Lefamulin
- Lemborexant
- Lesinurad
- Lesinurad; Allopurinol
- Letermovir
- Levocetirizine
- Levomethadyl
- Levomilnacipran
- Levorphanol
- Lithium
- Lofexidine
- Lorlatinib
- Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor
- Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor
- Lumateperone
- Lurasidone
- Magnesium Salts
- Maprotiline
- Meclizine
- Melatonin
- Meperidine
- Meperidine; Promethazine
- Mephobarbital
- Meprobamate
- Metformin; Pioglitazone
- Methadone
- Methocarbamol
- Methohexital
- Methscopolamine
- Methyldopa
- Metoclopramide
- Metyrapone
- Metyrosine
- Mifepristone
- Milnacipran
- Minocycline
- Mirtazapine
- Mitotane
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Morphine
- Morphine; Naltrexone
- Nabilone
- Nalbuphine
- Nefazodone
- Netupitant, Fosnetupitant; Palonosetron
- Nevirapine
- Nicardipine
- Nilotinib
- Nitroglycerin
- Olanzapine
- Omeprazole
- Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin
- Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate
- Oritavancin
- Oxybutynin
- Oxycodone
- Oxymorphone
- Palbociclib
- Paliperidone
- Papaverine
- Pazopanib
- Pentazocine
- Pentazocine; Naloxone
- Pentobarbital
- Perampanel
- Phenobarbital
- Phenothiazines
- Phentermine; Topiramate
- Phenylephrine
- Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Phenytoin
- Pimozide
- Pioglitazone
- Posaconazole
- Pramipexole
- Prasterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA (Dietary Supplements)
- Prasterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA (FDA-approved)
- Pregabalin
- Primidone
- Probenecid
- Procarbazine
- Propofol
- Propoxyphene
- Protease inhibitors
- Quetiapine
- Quinine
- Ramelteon
- Ranitidine
- Ranolazine
- Rasagiline
- Remifentanil
- Ribociclib
- Ribociclib; Letrozole
- Rifabutin
- Rifampin
- Rifapentine
- Rifaximin
- Risperidone
- Rotigotine
- Rucaparib
- Rufinamide
- Safinamide
- Scopolamine
- Secobarbital
- Sedating H1-blockers
- Segesterone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol
- Selegiline
- Sevoflurane
- Simeprevir
- Sincalide
- Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
- Sodium Oxybate
- St. John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum
- Streptogramins
- Sufentanil
- Suvorexant
- Tapentadol
- Tazemetostat
- Teduglutide
- Telaprevir
- Telithromycin
- Telotristat Ethyl
- Tetrabenazine
- Tezacaftor; Ivacaftor
- Thalidomide
- Theophylline, Aminophylline
- Thiopental
- Thiothixene
- Tiagabine
- Tizanidine
- Topiramate
- Tramadol
- Trandolapril; Verapamil
- Trazodone
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Trihexyphenidyl
- Trimethobenzamide
- Triprolidine
- Tucatinib
- Valerian, Valeriana officinalis
- Vemurafenib
- Verapamil
- Vigabatrin
- Vilazodone
- Voriconazole
- Voxelotor
- Zafirlukast
- Zaleplon
- Zileuton
- Ziprasidone
- Zolpidem
