Linagliptin Brand Name– Tradjenta
What is Linagliptin
Linagliptin belongs to the class of oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in adults. DPP-4 inhibitors potentiate the effects of the incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), by inhibiting their breakdown by DPP-4.
Linagliptin is administered in a single fixed-dose once daily, with no dosage adjustments necessary for organ impairment. Use of linagliptin results in a mean hemoglobin A1C reduction of 0.7%; the drug also significantly reduces fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour postprandial glucose concentrations.
Metformin is first-line in the treatment of type 2 DM. In patients with established cardiovascular (CV) disease, heart failure (HF), or chronic kidney disease (CKD), a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor or GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) with proven CV benefit and reduction of CKD progression is recommended for add-on therapy, independent of baseline A1C or individualized A1C target.
In patients without indicators of high-risk or established CVD, HF, or CKD, DPP-4 inhibitors are a therapeutic option which are generally well tolerated, have a neutral effect on weight, and have minimal risk of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy
Indications
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
For the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with diet and exercise
Side Effects
- anaphylactoid reactions
- angioedema
- arthralgia
- bronchospasm
- bullous rash
- cough
- diarrhea
- exfoliative dermatitis
- heart failure
- hyperamylasemia
- hyperuricemia
- hypoglycemia
- myalgia
- oral ulceration
- pancreatitis
- pemphigus
- pharyngitis
- pruritus
- rash
- rhabdomyolysis
- stomatitis
- urticaria
- weight gain
- weight loss
Monitoring Parameters
- blood glucose
- glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
- serum creatinine/BUN
Contraindications
- adrenal insufficiency
- arthralgia
- breast-feeding
- burns
- children
- diabetic ketoacidosis
- diarrhea
- exfoliative dermatitis
- fever
- gastroparesis
- geriatric
- GI obstruction
- heart failure
- history of angioedema
- hypercortisolism
- hyperglycemia
- hyperthyroidism
- hypoglycemia
- hypothyroidism
- ileus
- infection
- malnutrition
- pancreatitis
- pituitary insufficiency
- pregnancy
- renal impairment
- serious rash
- surgery
- trauma
- type 1 diabetes mellitus
- vomiting
Interactions
- Acebutolol
- Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
- Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetazolamide
- Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine
- Aliskiren; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Aliskiren; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Amiloride; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Aminosalicylate sodium, Aminosalicylic acid
- Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan
- Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan
- Amobarbital
- Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Lansoprazole
- Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole
- Amphetamine
- Amphetamine; Dextroamphetamine
- Amprenavir
- Androgens
- Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant
- Articaine; Epinephrine
- Aspirin, ASA
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate
- Aspirin, ASA; Dipyridamole
- Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
- Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
- Aspirin, ASA; Pravastatin
- Atazanavir
- Atazanavir; Cobicistat
- Atenolol
- Atenolol; Chlorthalidone
- Atropine; Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
- Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
- atypical antipsychotic
- Azelastine; Fluticasone
- Azilsartan; Chlorthalidone
- Barbiturates
- Beclomethasone
- Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital
- Benazepril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Bendroflumethiazide; Nadolol
- Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
- Benzphetamine
- Beta-blockers
- Betamethasone
- Betaxolol
- Bismuth Subsalicylate
- Bismuth Subsalicylate; Metronidazole; Tetracycline
- Bisoprolol
- Bisoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Boceprevir
- Bortezomib
- Bosentan
- Brimonidine; Timolol
- Brompheniramine; Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
- Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Budesonide
- Budesonide; Formoterol
- Bumetanide
- Butabarbital
- Candesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Captopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Carbamazepine
- Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine
- Carbetapentane; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Carteolol
- Carvedilol
- Cetirizine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlophedianol; Dexchlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlophedianol; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Chloroquine
- Chlorothiazide
- Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorthalidone
- Chlorthalidone; Clonidine
- Choline Salicylate; Magnesium Salicylate
- Chromium
- Ciclesonide
- Clarithromycin
- Clonidine
- Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Conjugated Estrogens
- Conjugated Estrogens; Bazedoxifene
- Conjugated Estrogens; Medroxyprogesterone
- Corticosteroids
- Cortisone
- Daclatasvir
- Darunavir
- Darunavir; Cobicistat
- Darunavir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide
- Dasabuvir; Ombitasvir; Paritaprevir; Ritonavir
- Dasabuvir; Ombitasvir; Paritaprevir; Ritonavir
- Deflazacort
- Desloratadine; Pseudoephedrine
- Dexamethasone
- Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Dexmethylphenidate
- Dextroamphetamine
- Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Diazoxide
- Dienogest; Estradiol valerate
- Diethylpropion
- Diethylstilbestrol, DES
- Dihydrocodeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Diphenhydramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Disopyramide
- Dobutamine
- Dopamine
- Dorzolamide; Timolol
- Drospirenone
- Drospirenone; Estradiol
- Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol
- Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate
- Efavirenz
- Efavirenz; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir
- Efavirenz; Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
- Elagolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate
- Elbasvir; Grazoprevir
- Enalapril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Ephedrine
- Epinephrine
- Eprosartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Erythromycin; Sulfisoxazole
- Esmolol
- Esterified Estrogens
- Esterified Estrogens; Methyltestosterone
- Estradiol
- Estradiol Cypionate; Medroxyprogesterone
- Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
- Estradiol; Norethindrone
- Estradiol; Norgestimate
- Estradiol; Progesterone
- Estrogens
- Estropipate
- Ethacrynic Acid
- Ethanol
- Ethinyl Estradiol
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Desogestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethynodiol Diacetate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Etonogestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Ferrous bisglycinate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Folic Acid; Levomefolate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norelgestromin
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate; Ferrous fumarate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone; Ferrous fumarate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestimate
- Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestrel
- Ethotoin
- Etonogestrel
- Etravirine
- Fenofibrate
- Fenofibric Acid
- Fexofenadine; Pseudoephedrine
- Fibric acid derivatives
- Fludrocortisone
- Flunisolide
- Fluoxetine
- Fluoxetine; Olanzapine
- Fluticasone
- Fluticasone; Salmeterol
- Fluticasone; Umeclidinium; Vilanterol
- Fluticasone; Vilanterol
- Formoterol; Mometasone
- Fosamprenavir
- Fosinopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Fosphenytoin
- Furosemide
- Garlic, Allium sativum
- Gemfibrozil
- Glecaprevir; Pibrentasvir
- Green Tea
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydralazine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Irbesartan
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Lisinopril
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Losartan
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Methyldopa
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Metoprolol
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Moexipril
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Propranolol
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Quinapril
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Spironolactone
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Telmisartan
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Triamterene
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan
- Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydrocortisone
- Hydroxychloroquine
- Hydroxyprogesterone
- Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate; Sodium Biphosphate
- Ibuprofen; Pseudoephedrine
- Indinavir
- Isocarboxazid
- Isoniazid, INH; Pyrazinamide, PZA; Rifampin
- Isoniazid, INH; Rifampin
- Isoproterenol
- Labetalol
- Lanreotide
- Ledipasvir; Sofosbuvir
- Leuprolide; Norethindrone
- Levobetaxolol
- Levobunolol
- Levonorgestrel
- Levothyroxine
- Levothyroxine; Liothyronine (Porcine)
- Levothyroxine; Liothyronine (Synthetic)
- Linezolid
- Liothyronine
- Lisdexamfetamine
- Lithium
- Lomefloxacin
- Loop diuretics
- Lopinavir; Ritonavir
- Loratadine; Pseudoephedrine
- Lorcaserin
- Lovastatin; Niacin
- Magnesium Salicylate
- Mecasermin rinfabate
- Mecasermin, Recombinant, rh-IGF-1
- Medroxyprogesterone
- Mephobarbital
- Mepivacaine; Levonordefrin
- Mestranol; Norethindrone
- Methamphetamine
- Methazolamide
- Methohexital
- Methyclothiazide
- Methylphenidate
- Methylprednisolone
- Metolazone
- Metoprolol
- Metyrapone
- Midodrine
- Modafinil
- Mometasone
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Nadolol
- Naproxen; Pseudoephedrine
- Nebivolol
- Nebivolol; Valsartan
- Nelfinavir
- Nevirapine
- Niacin, Niacinamide
- Niacin; Simvastatin
- Nicotine
- Norepinephrine
- Norethindrone
- Norgestrel
- Octreotide
- Ombitasvir; Paritaprevir; Ritonavir
- Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin
- Orlistat
- Pasireotide
- Pegvisomant
- Pemoline
- Penbutolol
- Pentamidine
- Pentobarbital
- Phendimetrazine
- Phenelzine
- Phenobarbital
- Phenothiazines
- Phentermine
- Phentermine; Topiramate
- Phenylephrine
- Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Phenytoin
- Pindolol
- Prednisolone
- Prednisone
- Prilocaine; Epinephrine
- Primidone
- Progesterone
- Progestins
- Propranolol
- Pseudoephedrine
- Pyrimethamine; Sulfadoxine
- Quinolones
- Racepinephrine
- Reserpine
- Rifabutin
- Rifampin
- Ritodrine
- Ritonavir
- Salicylates
- Salsalate
- Saquinavir
- Secobarbital
- Segesterone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol
- Sofosbuvir
- Sofosbuvir; Velpatasvir
- Sofosbuvir; Velpatasvir; Voxilaprevir
- Somatropin, rh-GH
- Sotalol
- Sparfloxacin
- St. John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum
- Sulfadiazine
- Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim, SMX-TMP, Cotrimoxazole
- Sulfasalazine
- Sulfisoxazole
- Sulfonamides
- Sympathomimetics
- Tacrolimus
- Tegaserod
- Telaprevir
- Thiazide diuretics
- Thiopental
- Thyroid hormones
- Timolol
- Tipranavir
- tobacco
- Topiramate
- Torsemide
- Tranylcypromine
- Triamcinolone
- Triamterene
- Trovafloxacin, Alatrofloxacin
