What's on this Page
Isoflurane Brand Names- Forane | Terrell
What is Isoflurane
Isoflurane is a clear, colorless, nonflammable liquid administered as a general anesthetic by vaporization.
Adequate data have not been developed to establish its application in obstetrical anesthesia, although it can be used in low dose to provide analgesia in obstetrics and during procedures not requiring unconsciousness, and it is widely used in conjunction with other anesthetics during cesarean section.
Although isoflurane has a mild pungency that may limit the rate of induction, in general, induction and recovery are rapid, and the level of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted as well.
Isoflurane is an excellent muscle relaxant, providing enough muscle relaxation for intra-abdominal operations at normal levels of anesthesia. Isoflurane can also cause uterine relaxation.
Isoflurane received FDA approval in December 1979.
Indications
- general anesthesia induction
- general anesthesia maintenance
- status asthmaticus
Side Effects
- agitation
- arrhythmia exacerbation
- carboxyhemoglobinemia
- cough
- delirium
- elevated hepatic enzymes
- fetal death
- headache
- hepatic failure
- hepatic necrosis
- hepatitis
- hyperglycemia
- hyperkalemia
- hyperlipidemia
- hypotension
- ileus
- laryngospasm
- leukocytosis
- malignant hyperthermia
- myoglobinuria
- nausea
- neonatal respiratory depression
- QT prolongation
- respiratory depression
- restlessness
- shivering
- spontaneous fetal abortion
- teratogenesis
- uterine relaxation
- vomiting
Monitoring Parameters
- arterial blood gases (ABGs)
Contraindications
- accidental exposure
- apheresis
- AV block
- bradycardia
- breast-feeding
- carboxyhemoglobinemia
- cardiomyopathy
- celiac disease
- children
- coronary artery disease
- driving or operating machinery
- females
- fever
- geriatric
- halogenated anesthetics hypersensitivity
- halothane anesthesia
- head trauma
- heart failure
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
- hyperparathyroidism
- hypocalcemia
- hypokalemia
- hypomagnesemia
- hypothermia
- hypothyroidism
- increased intracranial pressure
- infants
- intracranial mass
- labor
- long QT syndrome
- malignant hyperthermia
- myasthenia gravis
- myocardial infarction
- neonates
- neuromuscular disease
- obstetric delivery
- pheochromocytoma
- pregnancy
- QT prolongation
- rheumatoid arthritis
- sickle cell disease
- sleep deprivation
- stroke
- systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Interactions
- Abarelix
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Codeine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine
- Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone
- Acetaminophen; Oxycodone
- Acetaminophen; Propoxyphene
- Acetaminophen; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Tramadol
- Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine
- Alfentanil
- Alfuzosin
- Aliskiren
- Aliskiren; Amlodipine
- Aliskiren; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Aliskiren; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Aliskiren; Valsartan
- Ambenonium Chloride
- Ambrisentan
- Amikacin
- Amiodarone
- Amobarbital
- Amoxapine
- Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Lansoprazole
- Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole
- Amphetamine; Dextroamphetamine Salts
- Anagrelide
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- Apomorphine
- Apraclonidine
- Aripiprazole
- Arsenic Trioxide
- Artemether; Lumefantrine
- Articaine; Epinephrine
- Asenapine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
- Atomoxetine
- Atracurium
- Atropine; Edrophonium
- Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
- Azelastine
- Azelastine; Fluticasone
- Azithromycin
- Bacitracin
- Baclofen
- Barbiturates
- Bedaquiline
- Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital
- Belladonna; Opium
- Benzhydrocodone; Acetaminophen
- Benzodiazepines
- Beta-adrenergic blockers
- Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium; Metronidazole; Tetracycline
- Bismuth Subsalicylate; Metronidazole; Tetracycline
- Brompheniramine
- Brompheniramine; Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
- Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin
- Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Brompheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
- Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Bupivacaine
- Bupivacaine Liposomal
- Bupivacaine; Lidocaine
- Buprenorphine
- Buprenorphine; Naloxone
- Buspirone
- Butabarbital
- Butorphanol
- Calcium-channel blockers
- Cannabidiol
- Capreomycin
- Capsaicin; Metaxalone
- Carbamazepine
- Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine
- Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin
- Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine
- Carbetapentane; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbetapentane; Pyrilamine
- Carbidopa; Levodopa
- Carbidopa; Levodopa; Entacapone
- Carbinoxamine
- Carbinoxamine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Carbinoxamine; Phenylephrine
- Carbinoxamine; Pseudoephedrine
- Carisoprodol
- Cenobamate
- Central-acting adrenergic agents
- Ceritinib
- Cetirizine
- Cetirizine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlophedianol; Dexchlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlophedianol; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Chlorcyclizine
- Chloroprocaine
- Chloroquine
- Chlorpheniramine
- Chlorpheniramine; Codeine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan
- Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpromazine
- Chlorzoxazone
- Ciprofloxacin
- Cisapride
- Cisatracurium
- Citalopram
- Clarithromycin
- Class IA Antiarrhythmics
- Clemastine
- Clobazam
- Clofazimine
- Clozapine
- Cocaine
- Codeine
- Codeine; Guaifenesin
- Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Codeine; Promethazine
- COMT inhibitors
- Crizotinib
- Cyclizine
- Cyproheptadine
- Dantrolene
- Dasatinib
- Degarelix
- Desloratadine; Pseudoephedrine
- Deutetrabenazine
- Dexchlorpheniramine
- Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Dexmedetomidine
- Dexmethylphenidate
- Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Dextromethorphan; Promethazine
- Dihydrocodeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Dimenhydrinate
- Diphenhydramine
- Diphenhydramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen
- Diphenhydramine; Naproxen
- Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Dofetilide
- Dolasetron
- Dolutegravir; Rilpivirine
- Donepezil
- Donepezil; Memantine
- Doxazosin
- Doxylamine
- Doxylamine; Pyridoxine
- Dronabinol
- Dronedarone
- Droperidol
- Dyphylline
- Dyphylline; Guaifenesin
- Edrophonium
- Efavirenz
- Efavirenz; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir
- Efavirenz; Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
- Eliglustat
- Emtricitabine; Rilpivirine; Tenofovir alafenamide
- Emtricitabine; Rilpivirine; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
- Encorafenib
- Entrectinib
- Epinephrine
- Eplerenone
- Epoprostenol
- Eribulin
- Erythromycin
- Erythromycin; Sulfisoxazole
- Escitalopram
- Esketamine
- Eszopiclone
- Ezogabine
- Fenfluramine
- Fentanyl
- Fexofenadine; Pseudoephedrine
- Fingolimod
- Flecainide
- Fluconazole
- Fluoxetine
- Fluoxetine; Olanzapine
- Fluphenazine
- Fluvoxamine
- Foscarnet
- Fosphenytoin
- Gabapentin
- Galantamine
- Gemifloxacin
- Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin
- Gentamicin
- Gilteritinib
- Glasdegib
- Goserelin
- Granisetron
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
- Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
- Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
- Halofantrine
- Haloperidol
- Histrelin
- Homatropine; Hydrocodone
- Hydrocodone
- Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen
- Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate
- Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Hydromorphone
- Hydroxychloroquine
- Hydroxyzine
- Ibuprofen; Oxycodone
- Ibuprofen; Pseudoephedrine
- Ibutilide
- Iloperidone
- Iloprost
- Inotuzumab Ozogamicin
- Ionic Contrast Media
- Isoniazid, INH
- Isoniazid, INH; Pyrazinamide, PZA; Rifampin
- Isoniazid, INH; Rifampin
- Itraconazole
- Ivosidenib
- Kanamycin
- Ketoconazole
- Lapatinib
- Lasmiditan
- Lefamulin
- Lemborexant
- Lenvatinib
- Leuprolide
- Leuprolide; Norethindrone
- Levocetirizine
- Levodopa
- Levofloxacin
- Levomethadyl
- Levorphanol
- Lidocaine; Prilocaine
- Lincosamides
- Lisdexamfetamine
- Lithium
- Lofexidine
- Lomefloxacin
- Long-acting beta-agonists
- Loop diuretics
- Loperamide
- Loperamide; Simethicone
- Lopinavir; Ritonavir
- Loratadine; Pseudoephedrine
- Loxapine
- Lumateperone
- Macimorelin
- Magnesium Salts
- Maprotiline
- Mecamylamine
- Meclizine
- Mefloquine
- Meperidine
- Meperidine; Promethazine
- Mephobarbital
- Meprobamate
- Mesoridazine
- Metaxalone
- Methadone
- Methamphetamine
- Methohexital
- Methylphenidate
- Metronidazole
- Midostaurin
- Mifepristone
- Minocycline
- Mirtazapine
- Mivacurium
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Morphine
- Morphine; Naltrexone
- Moxifloxacin
- Nabilone
- Nalbuphine
- Naproxen; Pseudoephedrine
- Neostigmine
- Nesiritide, BNP
- Nilotinib
- Norepinephrine
- Norfloxacin
- Octreotide
- Ofloxacin
- Olanzapine
- Ondansetron
- Orphenadrine
- Osilodrostat
- Osimertinib
- Oxaliplatin
- Oxycodone
- Oxymorphone
- Oxytocin
- Ozanimod
- Paliperidone
- Pancuronium
- Panobinostat
- Papaverine
- Pasireotide
- Pazopanib
- Pentamidine
- Pentobarbital
- Perphenazine
- Perphenazine; Amitriptyline
- Phendimetrazine
- Phenobarbital
- Phenoxybenzamine
- Phentermine
- Phentermine; Topiramate
- Phenylephrine
- Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Phenytoin
- Physostigmine
- Pimavanserin
- Pimozide
- Pitolisant
- Polymyxin B
- Polymyxins
- Posaconazole
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
- Prazosin
- Pregabalin
- Prilocaine
- Prilocaine; Epinephrine
- Primaquine
- Primidone
- Procaine
- Procarbazine
- Prochlorperazine
- Promethazine
- Propafenone
- Propoxyphene
- Pseudoephedrine
- Pyridostigmine
- Quetiapine
- Quinine
- Ranolazine
- Rasagiline
- Remifentanil
- Reserpine
- Ribociclib
- Ribociclib; Letrozole
- Rifampin
- Rilpivirine
- Risperidone
- Ritodrine
- Rivastigmine
- Rocuronium
- Romidepsin
- Saquinavir
- Secobarbital
- Selegiline
- Selpercatinib
- Sertraline
- Short-acting beta-agonists
- Siponimod
- Sodium Oxybate
- Solifenacin
- Sorafenib
- Sotalol
- Sparfloxacin
- St. John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum
- Streptomycin
- Succinylcholine
- Sufentanil
- Sunitinib
- Suvorexant
- Tacrine
- Tacrolimus
- Tamoxifen
- Tapentadol
- Telavancin
- Telithromycin
- Terazosin
- Tetrabenazine
- Tetracaine
- Theophylline, Aminophylline
- Thiazide diuretics
- Thiopental
- Thioridazine
- Thiothixene
- Tobramycin
- Tolterodine
- Toremifene
- Tramadol
- Trazodone
- Treprostinil
- Triclabendazole
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Trifluoperazine
- Triprolidine
- Triptorelin
- Trovafloxacin, Alatrofloxacin
- Vancomycin
- Vandetanib
- Vardenafil
- Vasodilators
- Vecuronium
- Vemurafenib
- Venlafaxine
- Voriconazole
- Vorinostat
- Zaleplon
- Ziprasidone
- Zolpidem
