Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Hydrochlorothiazide Brand Names

Esidrix | Ezide | HydroDIURIL | Microzide | Oretic | Zide

What is Hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic used in the management of edema and hypertension.

In hypertension, thiazide diuretics are often used as initial therapy, either alone or in combination with other agents.

Unlike the loop diuretics, their efficacy is diminished in patients with renal insufficiency.

Hydrochlorothiazide also has been used to treat diabetes insipidus and hypercalciuria, although these are not FDA-approved indications.

Hydrochlorothiazide was approved by the FDA in 1959.

Indications

1. ascites
2. diabetes insipidus
3. edema
4. heart failure
5. hypercalciuria
6. hypertension
7. nephrolithiasis
8. nephrotic syndrome
9. premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
10. renal calculus

Side Effects

1. abdominal pain
2. agranulocytosis
3. alopecia
4. anaphylactoid reactions
5. anorexia
6. aplastic anemia
7. azotemia
8. blurred vision
9. constipation
10. diarrhea
11. dizziness
12. erythema multiforme
13. exfoliative dermatitis
14. fever
15. glycosuria
16. gout
17. headache
18. hemolytic anemia
19. hypercalcemia
20. hypercholesterolemia
21. hyperglycemia
22. hypertriglyceridemia
23. hyperuricemia
24. hypochloremia
25. hypokalemia
26. hypomagnesemia
27. hyponatremia
28. hypotension
29. impotence (erectile dysfunction)
30. interstitial nephritis
31. jaundice
32. leukopenia
33. metabolic alkalosis
34. muscle cramps
35. myopia
36. nausea
37. ocular hypertension
38. orthostatic hypotension
39. pancreatitis
40. paresthesias
41. photosensitivity
42. pneumonitis
43. polyuria
44. pulmonary edema
45. purpura
46. rash
47. renal failure (unspecified)
48. restlessness
49. sialadenitis
50. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
51. syncope
52. thrombocytopenia
53. toxic epidermal necrolysis
54. urticaria
55. vasculitis
56. vertigo
57. vomiting
58. weakness
59. xanthopsia

Monitoring Parameters

• blood glucose
• blood pressure
• serum calcium
• serum creatinine/BUN
• serum electrolytes
• serum magnesium

Contraindications

• anuria
• asthma
• breast-feeding
• diabetes mellitus
• electrolyte imbalance
• geriatric
• gout
• hepatic disease
• hypercalcemia
• hyperglycemia
• hyperuricemia
• hypochloremia
• hypokalemia
• hypomagnesemia
• hyponatremia
• hypotension
• hypovolemia
• jaundice
• metabolic alkalosis
• neonates
• orthostatic hypotension
• pancreatitis
• penicillin hypersensitivity
• preeclampsia
• pregnancy
• renal disease
• renal failure
• renal impairment
• sulfonamide hypersensitivity
• sunlight (UV) exposure
• sympathectomy
• syncope
• systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• thiazide diuretic hypersensitivity

Interactions

• Acarbose
• Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
• Acetaminophen; Codeine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
• Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone
• Acetaminophen; Oxycodone
• Acetaminophen; Pentazocine
• Acetaminophen; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Tramadol
• Acetazolamide
• Acetohexamide
• Aclidinium; Formoterol
• Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine
• Albiglutide
• Albuterol
• Albuterol; Ipratropium
• Aldesleukin, IL-2
• Alemtuzumab
• Alendronate; Cholecalciferol
• Alfentanil
• Allopurinol
• Alogliptin
• Alogliptin; Metformin
• Alogliptin; Pioglitazone
• Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
• Alprostadil
• Amifostine
• Aminolevulinic Acid
• Amiodarone
• Amlodipine; Benazepril
• Amlodipine; Celecoxib
• Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Lansoprazole
• Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole
• Amphetamine; Dextroamphetamine Salts
• Amphotericin B
• Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex (ABCD)
• Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC)
• Amphotericin B liposomal (LAmB)
• Amyl Nitrite
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
• Anticholinergics
• Apomorphine
• Apraclonidine
• Arformoterol
• Aripiprazole
• Arsenic Trioxide
• Articaine; Epinephrine
• Asenapine
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
• Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
• Atracurium
• Atropine
• Atropine; Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
• Atropine; Difenoxin
• Atropine; Diphenoxylate
• Atropine; Edrophonium
• Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
• Baclofen
• Barbiturates
• Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital
• Belladonna; Opium
• Benazepril
• Benazepril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Benzhydrocodone; Acetaminophen
• Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
• Benzphetamine
• Benztropine
• Beta-agonists
• Bortezomib
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• Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
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• Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
• Budesonide; Formoterol
• Buprenorphine
• Buprenorphine; Naloxone
• Cabergoline
• Calcium
• Calcium Phosphate, Supersaturated
• Calcium; Vitamin D
• Canagliflozin
• Canagliflozin; Metformin
• Captopril
• Captopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Carbamazepine
• Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
• Carbetapentane; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
• Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
• Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine
• Carbetapentane; Pseudoephedrine
• Carbidopa; Levodopa
• Carbidopa; Levodopa; Entacapone
• Carbinoxamine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Carbinoxamine; Phenylephrine
• Carbinoxamine; Pseudoephedrine
• Cardiac glycosides
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• Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone
• Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpropamide
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• Codeine; Promethazine
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• Dexlansoprazole
• Dexmethylphenidate
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• Dextromethorphan; Quinidine
• Diazoxide
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• Diclofenac
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• Empagliflozin; Metformin
• Enalapril, Enalaprilat
• Enalapril; Felodipine
• Enalapril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Enflurane
• Ephedrine
• Epinephrine
• Ergocalciferol, Vitamin D2
• Ertugliflozin; Metformin
• Ertugliflozin; Sitagliptin
• Escitalopram
• Esomeprazole
• Esomeprazole; Naproxen
• Estradiol
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• Ethanol
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• Fenoprofen
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• Fluvoxamine
• Formoterol
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• Fosinopril
• Fosinopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Fospropofol
• Gallium Ga 68 Dotatate
• General anesthetics
• Glimepiride
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• Glimepiride; Rosiglitazone
• Glipizide
• Glipizide; Metformin
• Glyburide
• Glyburide; Metformin
• Glycopyrrolate
• Glycopyrrolate; Formoterol
• Granisetron
• Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
• Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
• Halobetasol; Tazarotene
• Halofantrine
• Haloperidol
• Halothane
• Homatropine; Hydrocodone
• Hydralazine; Isosorbide Dinitrate, ISDN
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Lisinopril
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Moexipril
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Quinapril
• Hydrocodone
• Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen
• Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate
• Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine
• Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Hydromorphone
• Hyoscyamine
• Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate; Sodium Biphosphate
• Ibuprofen
• Ibuprofen lysine
• Ibuprofen; Oxycodone
• Ibuprofen; Pseudoephedrine
• Icosapent ethyl
• Iloperidone
• Inamrinone
• Incretin Mimetics
• Indacaterol
• Indacaterol; Glycopyrrolate
• Indomethacin
• Inotersen
• Insulin Degludec; Liraglutide
• Insulin Glargine; Lixisenatide
• Insulins
• Intravenous Lipid Emulsions
• Isocarboxazid
• Isoflurane
• Isoproterenol
• Isosorbide Dinitrate, ISDN
• Isosorbide Mononitrate
• Ketamine
• Ketoprofen
• Ketorolac
• Lansoprazole
• Lansoprazole; Naproxen
• Lesinurad; Allopurinol
• Levalbuterol
• Levodopa
• Levomethadyl
• Levomilnacipran
• Levorphanol
• Linagliptin
• Linagliptin; Metformin
• Liraglutide
• Lisdexamfetamine
• Lisinopril
• Lithium
• Lixisenatide
• Loop diuretics
• Loratadine; Pseudoephedrine
• Lovastatin; Niacin
• Lurasidone
• Magnesium Salts
• Magnesium Sulfate; Potassium Sulfate; Sodium Sulfate
• Mannitol
• Meclofenamate Sodium
• Mefenamic Acid
• Meglitinides
• Meloxicam
• Memantine
• Mepenzolate
• Meperidine
• Meperidine; Promethazine
• Mequinol; Tretinoin
• Mestranol; Norethindrone
• Metaproterenol
• Metformin
• Metformin; Pioglitazone
• Metformin; Repaglinide
• Metformin; Rosiglitazone
• Metformin; Saxagliptin
• Metformin; Sitagliptin
• Methadone
• Methamphetamine
• Methazolamide
• Methenamine
• Methenamine; Sodium Acid Phosphate
• Methenamine; Sodium Acid Phosphate; Methylene Blue; Hyoscyamine
• Methotrexate
• Methoxsalen
• Methscopolamine
• Methylphenidate
• Metoclopramide
• Midodrine
• Miglitol
• Milnacipran
• Milrinone
• Mirtazapine
• Mivacurium
• Moexipril
• Morphine
• Morphine; Naltrexone
• Nabumetone
• Naproxen
• Naproxen; Pseudoephedrine
• Naproxen; Sumatriptan
• Nateglinide
• Nefazodone
• Nesiritide, BNP
• Neuromuscular blockers
• Niacin, Niacinamide
• Niacin; Simvastatin
• Nitrates
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• Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
• Norepinephrine
• Octreotide
• Olanzapine
• Olodaterol
• Omeprazole
• Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin
• Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate
• Ondansetron
• Oprelvekin, rh-IL-11
• Oxaprozin
• Oxybutynin
• Oxycodone
• Oxymetazoline
• Oxymorphone
• Paliperidone
• Pancuronium
• Pantoprazole
• Paroxetine
• Pasireotide
• Pentamidine
• Pentazocine
• Pentazocine; Naloxone
• Pentoxifylline
• Perindopril
• Perindopril; Amlodipine
• Phendimetrazine
• Phenelzine
• Phenothiazines
• Phentermine
• Phentermine; Topiramate
• Phenylephrine
• Phenylephrine; Promethazine
• Photosensitizing agents (topical)
• Pimozide
• Pioglitazone
• Pirbuterol
• Piroxicam
• Polycarbophil
• Polyethylene Glycol; Electrolytes
• Polyethylene Glycol; Electrolytes; Ascorbic Acid
• Porfimer
• Pramlintide
• Prazosin
• Prilocaine; Epinephrine
• Probenecid
• Procainamide
• Procaine
• Propantheline
• Propofol
• Pseudoephedrine
• Quetiapine
• Quinapril
• Quinidine
• Rabeprazole
• Ramipril
• Rapacuronium
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• Rofecoxib
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• Salicylates
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• Saxagliptin
• Scopolamine
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• Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
• Sertraline
• Sevoflurane
• Silodosin
• Simvastatin; Sitagliptin
• Sitagliptin
• Sodium Phosphate Monobasic Monohydrate; Sodium Phosphate Dibasic Anhydrous
• Sodium picosulfate; Magnesium oxide; Anhydrous citric acid
• Solifenacin
• Streptozocin
• Succinylcholine
• Sufentanil
• Sulfacetamide
• Sulfacetamide; Sulfur
• Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim, SMX-TMP, Cotrimoxazole
• Sulfinpyrazone
• Sulfonylureas
• Sulindac
• Tapentadol
• Tazarotene
• Tegaserod
• Terbutaline
• Tetrabenazine
• Tetracaine
• Thiazolidinediones
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• Tolmetin
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• Tolvaptan
• Topiramate
• Toremifene
• Tramadol
• Trandolapril
• Trandolapril; Verapamil
• Tranylcypromine
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• Tretinoin, ATRA
• Trihexyphenidyl
• Trospium
• Tubocurarine
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• Vecuronium
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• Verteporfin
• Vilazodone
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin D analogs
• Vorinostat
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• Ziprasidone