Diazoxide

Diazoxide Brand Names

Hyperstat | Proglycem

What is Diazoxide

Diazoxide is structurally similar to the thiazide diuretics. It is used parenterally as an antihypertensive and orally as an antihypoglycemic agent.

As an antihypertensive, diazoxide is used for the short-term, acute reduction of blood pressure in patients with malignant hypertension.

The oral formulation is indicated for the management of hypoglycemia secondary to hyperinsulinemia. Oral preparations of diazoxide are not suited for chronic management of hypertension because of the drug’s hyperglycemic and sodium-retaining properties.

Diazoxide was approved by the FDA in January 1973.

Indications

• congenital hyperinsulinemia
• hypertensive emergency
• secondary hypoglycemia

For the treatment of hypertensive emergency

NOTE: Diazoxide is not effective in treating hypertension resulting from pheochromocytoma or monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy. Because diazoxide increases cardiac output, it may be harmful if used in patients with hypertension secondary to aortic coarctation or arteriovenous shunt.

Side Effects

1. abdominal pain
2. alopecia
3. anemia
4. angina
5. anorexia
6. anxiety
7. azotemia
8. bleeding
9. blurred vision
10. bradycardia
11. cataracts
12. chest pain (unspecified)
13. coma
14. confusion
15. constipation
16. cough
17. diabetic ketoacidosis
18. diaphoresis
19. diarrhea
20. diplopia
21. dizziness
22. drowsiness
23. dysgeusia
24. dyspnea
25. dystonic reaction
26. edema
27. elevated hepatic enzymes
28. eosinophilia
29. euphoria
30. fever
31. fluid retention
32. flushing
33. galactorrhea
34. gout
35. headache
36. hearing loss
37. heart failure
38. hematuria
39. hirsutism
40. hyperglycemia
41. hypertension
42. hypertrichosis
43. hyperuricemia
44. hypotension
45. ileus
46. injection site reaction
47. insomnia
48. lacrimation
49. lethargy
50. leukopenia
51. lymphadenopathy
52. muscle paralysis
53. nausea
54. nephrotic syndrome
55. neutropenia
56. ocular hemorrhage
57. orthostatic hypotension
58. palpitations
59. pancreatitis
60. paresthesias
61. phlebitis
62. pruritus
63. pulmonary hypertension
64. purpura
65. rash
66. restlessness
67. scotomata
68. seizures
69. sinus tachycardia
70. skeletal changes
71. sodium retention
72. thrombocytopenia
73. tinnitus
74. tremor
75. vomiting
76. weakness
77. weight gain
78. xerostomia

Monitoring Parameters

• blood glucose
• blood pressure
• heart rate

Contraindications

• aortic coarctation
• arteriovenous shunt
• breast-feeding
• cardiac disease
• cerebrovascular disease
• congenital diaphragmatic hernia
• coronary artery disease
• diabetes mellitus
• extravasation
• gout
• heart failure
• hepatic disease
• hyperuricemia
• hypoglycemia
• hypokalemia
• infants
• intramuscular administration
• labor
• neonates
• obstetric delivery
• pheochromocytoma
• pregnancy
• pulmonary hypertension
• renal disease
• renal impairment
• respiratory distress syndrome
• sepsis
• subcutaneous administration
• sulfonamide hypersensitivity
• tachycardia
• thiazide diuretic hypersensitivity
• uremia

Interactions

• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
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• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
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