Cefotaxime Brand Name– Claforan
What is Cefotaxime
Cefotaxime is a parenteral third-generation cephalosporin and was the first of this group to be marketed.
As with other agents in this group, cefotaxime is more active and has a broader spectrum against gram-negative species than earlier generations of cephalosporins.
Although it is less active against gram-positive bacteria than first-generation agents, cefotaxime is often an effective agent for the treatment of infections due to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus and susceptible strains of nonenterococcal streptococci.
The spectrum of activity of cefotaxime is similar to that of ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone; none of these cephalosporins is effective for the treatment of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Clinically, cefotaxime is used in the treatment of enteric gram-negative meningitis, serious bacteremias, pneumonia, and community-acquired infections.
Cefotaxime was approved by the FDA in 1981.
Indications
- Acinetobacter sp.
- bacteremia
- Bacteroides sp.
- bone and joint infections
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- cervicitis
- Citrobacter sp.
- Clostridium sp.
- community-acquired pneumonia
- Eikenella corrodens
- endocarditis
- endometritis
- Enterobacter sp.
- Escherichia coli
- Eubacterium sp.
- Fusobacterium nucleatum
- Fusobacterium sp.
- gastroenteritis
- gonorrhea
- gynecologic infections
- Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative)
- Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive)
- Haemophilus parainfluenzae
- infectious diarrhea
- intraabdominal infections
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Klebsiella sp.
- Leptospira sp.
- leptospirosis
- lower respiratory tract infections
- Lyme disease
- meningitis
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Morganella morganii
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Neisseria meningitidis
- pelvic cellulitis
- pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Peptococcus sp.
- Peptostreptococcus sp.
- peritonitis
- pleural empyema
- pneumonia
- proctitis
- Propionibacterium sp.
- Proteus mirabilis
- Proteus vulgaris
- Providencia rettgeri
- Providencia sp.
- Providencia stuartii
- Pseudomonas sp.
- Salmonella sp.
- Salmonella typhi
- salmonellosis
- sepsis
- Serratia marcescens
- Shigella sp.
- sinusitis
- skin and skin structure infections
- Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci)
- Streptococcus sp.
- surgical infection prophylaxis
- typhoid fever
- urethritis
- urinary tract infection (UTI)
- ventriculitis
- Viridans streptococci
- Yersinia enterocolitica
Side Effects
- abdominal pain
- acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)
- agranulocytosis
- anaphylactoid reactions
- angioedema
- aplastic anemia
- azotemia
- bleeding
- candidiasis
- cholecystitis
- cholelithiasis
- cholestasis
- colitis
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- elevated hepatic enzymes
- eosinophilia
- erythema multiforme
- fever
- headache
- hemolytic anemia
- injection site reaction
- interstitial nephritis
- Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
- leukopenia
- maculopapular rash
- malaise
- nausea
- neutropenia
- pancytopenia
- pruritus
- pseudomembranous colitis
- renal failure (unspecified)
- seizures
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- thrombocytopenia
- toxic epidermal necrolysis
- urticaria
- vaginitis
- vomiting
Monitoring Parameters
- serum creatinine/BUN
Contraindications
- agranulocytosis
- breast-feeding
- cephalosporin hypersensitivity
- coagulopathy
- colitis
- corn hypersensitivity
- diarrhea
- geriatric
- GI disease
- hematological disease
- inflammatory bowel disease
- infusion-related reactions
- leukopenia
- neutropenia
- penicillin hypersensitivity
- pregnancy
- pseudomembranous colitis
- renal disease
- renal impairment
- sexually transmitted disease
- thrombocytopenia
- ulcerative colitis
- vitamin K deficiency
Interactions
- Amikacin
- Aminoglycosides
- Amlodipine; Celecoxib
- Celecoxib
- Colchicine; Probenecid
- Diclofenac
- Diclofenac; Misoprostol
- Diflunisal
- Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen
- Diphenhydramine; Naproxen
- Esomeprazole; Naproxen
- Etodolac
- Famotidine; Ibuprofen
- Fenoprofen
- Flurbiprofen
- Gentamicin
- Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen
- Ibuprofen
- Ibuprofen; Oxycodone
- Ibuprofen; Pseudoephedrine
- Indomethacin
- Kanamycin
- Ketoprofen
- Ketorolac
- Lansoprazole; Naproxen
- Loop diuretics
- Meclofenamate Sodium
- Mefenamic Acid
- Meloxicam
- Nabumetone
- Naproxen
- Naproxen; Pseudoephedrine
- Naproxen; Sumatriptan
- Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
- Oral Contraceptives
- Oxaprozin
- Paromomycin
- Piroxicam
- Plazomicin
- Probenecid
- Rofecoxib
- Sodium picosulfate; Magnesium oxide; Anhydrous citric acid
- Streptomycin
- Sulindac
- Tobramycin
- Tolmetin
- Valdecoxib
- Warfarin
