most common causes of metastasis to the lung in children
most common causes of metastasis to the lung in children Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, hepatoblastoma, Wilms’ tumor, gonadal germ cell tumor, and thyroid carcinoma.
Health
Important structures to identify on a lateral X ray of the neck in children
Important structures to identify on a lateral X ray of the neck in children • Assess the prevertebral soft tissues. Soft tissue swelling in this area could be due to retropharyngeal abscess, edema, hematoma, or soft tissue mass. • The epiglottis should be triangular or flat in configuration, not bulbous or thumblike (which would indicate acute epiglottitis), …
Important structures to identify on a lateral X ray of the neck in children Read More »
Mediastinal masses in children
Mediastinal masses in children • In the anterior mediastinum: Normal thymus, thymic cyst, thymic lipoma, germ cell tumor, lymphoma, and lymphatic malformations. • In the middle mediastinum: Foregut duplication cysts, lymphadenopathy, and lymphatic malformations. • In the posterior mediastinum: Neurogenic tumors, including nerve sheath tumors, neuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroblastoma, and lymphatic malformations.
Swyer James syndrome
What is Swyer James syndrome? The hypothesized pathogenesis of Swyer-James syndrome involves a viral infection that arrests growth of an affected lung through an obliterative bronchiolitis. Hyperlucency from air trapping and diminished arterial flow results. Traditionally, this was thought to be a unilateral process, but CT examinations often show scattered areas of bilateral pulmonary air …
How is a suspected aspirated foreign body evaluated
How is a suspected aspirated foreign body evaluated? A nonradiopaque aspirated foreign body in a mainstem bronchus may produce a ball-valve effect, trapping air unilaterally in the lung and creating a large lucent lung compared with the contralateral normal side. These findings may be subtle, but if suspected, expiratory radiographs may make them more obvious …
How is a suspected aspirated foreign body evaluated Read More »
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
What is lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP)? LIP is a lymphoproliferative response in the chest, often in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. On chest radiography, a diffuse reticulonodular pattern with central predominance may be seen along with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, although peribronchiolar thickening alone or a normal appearance may also be encountered. On CT, …
Acute chest syndrome
What is acute chest syndrome? Acute chest syndrome affects patients with sickle cell anemia and may present with cough, hypoxia, fever, sputum production, and shortness of breath. While the exact pathogenesis is poorly understood, it may be caused by an acute vaso-occlusive crisis in the pulmonary parenchyma or adjacent ribs. Radiographically, areas of pulmonary opacification …