Classic patterns of CHD seen on X rays • Transposition of the great vessels : “egg on a string” sign due to narrowing of the superior mediastinum (creating the “string”) related to stress-related thymic atrophy, lung hyperinflation, and abnormal relationship of the great vessels, along with abnormal convexity of the right atrial contour and left atrial enlargement …
Most common acyanotic types of CHD Acyanosis implies a left-to-right shunt, and the most common causes include ASD, VSD, PDA, and endocardial cushion defects. These typically cause enlargement of specific chambers in the heart as a result of decompression of some chambers and overload in others. A VSD, due to a communication between the right …
What is congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels, and why is it a problem? In congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels (l-TGV), there is an abnormal (L) ventricular loop, but there is also an abnormal (−150 degree) rotation of the great vessels. This leads to the following circuits: (1) systemic venous return-right atrium-left …
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Which types of CHD appear with cyanosis and increased pulmonary blood flow? These conditions include total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great vessels (d-TGV), tricuspid atresia, and single ventricle. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) may also appear with congestive heart failure (CHF) and cyanosis.
How does assessment of pulmonary blood flow aid in the diagnosis of cyanotic disease? The first consideration in diagnosing CHD is whether the infant is clinically cyanotic. Cyanosis may be secondary to admixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, which can appear as increased blood flow to the heart with enlargement of the pulmonary arteries, or …
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Most common to least common congenital heart diseases congenital heart disease in order of frequency (most common to least common) Bicuspid aortic valve, ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), tetralogy of Fallot, coarctation of the aorta, and transposition of the great vessels
What is congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS), and why is it important to diagnose prenatally? CHAOS is caused by an obstruction of the upper airway, either intrinsic (from atresia) or extrinsic (from a congenital mass). Imaging with ultrasonography (US) or fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates large lungs with an abnormal configuration of the …