What causes pituitary insufficiency

What causes pituitary insufficiency?

Almost any disease that disturbs the normal interaction between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland can produce anterior pituitary insufficiency. The most common cause of hypopituitarism is pituitary dysfunction associated with a pituitary adenoma and/or the effect of its treatment (surgery and/or radiation therapy). Among patients with pituitary macroadenomas, one third will present with one or more pituitary hormone deficiencies. Other frequent causes of hypopituitarism are shown below

Etiology of Organic Hypopituitarism

Neoplastic
Pituitary adenoma or carcinoma
Metastatic disease
Hematologic malignancies
Craniopharyngioma
Parasellar masses (meningioma, germinoma, glioma)
Traumatic
Surgery
Radiation
Traumatic brain injury
Vascular
Sheehan’s syndrome
Apoplexy
Aneurysm
Infiltrative/Inflammatory
Hypophysitis
Sarcoidosis
Histiocytosis X
Hemochromatosis
Infectious
Bacterial abscess
Tuberculosis
Fungal infections
Parasitic infections
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