What is Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood

Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood occurs when the body temporarily stops making red blood cells. When this happens, the number of red blood cells in the body gradually falls below normal. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the tissues of the body. When there are fewer red blood cells than normal (anemia), not enough oxygen is carried to the tissues. Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood goes away on its own, usually within 1–2 months. Children who have had the condition once usually will not have it again.

What are the causes?

The cause of this condition is not known.

What increases the risk?

This condition is more likely to develop in children between 6 months and 4 years of age.

What are the signs or symptoms?

Most children with this condition develop pale skin (pallor) and do not have other symptoms. When other symptoms are present, they may include:

• Lack of energy (fatigue).
• Irritability.
• Shortness of breath.
• A fast heartbeat.

How is this diagnosed?

This condition may be diagnosed with a physical exam and tests. Various tests may be done, such as:

• Blood tests. These may include:
  • A complete blood count.
  • A hemoglobin test.
  • A hematocrit test.
  • Reticulocyte count.
• A bone marrow biopsy. To perform this test, your child’s health care provider will use a needle to remove a small amount of tissue from a bone.

How is this treated?

In mild cases, treatment is usually not needed. In severe cases, your child may need to be given red blood cells through an IV line (packed red blood cell transfusion).

Follow these instructions at home:

• Keep all follow-up visits as told by your child’s health care provider. This is important.

Contact a health care provider if:

• Your child’s symptoms do not go away as expected.

Get help right away if:

• Your child develops new symptoms.
• Your child has trouble breathing.
• Your child has a persistent cough.
• Your child has difficulty breathing when lying flat (orthopnea).