Symptoms of portal hypertension

What are some clinical signs and symptoms associated with portal hypertension?

Esophageal, gastric, mesenteric, and rectal varices may bleed in response to elevated portal pressures; mortality related to the initial bleeding episode may be 20% or more. Increased sinusoidal pressure may result in ascites and hepatic hydrothorax. Hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome with renal dysfunction, and hepatopulmonary syndrome with hypoxemia may also be encountered.

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