Lynch Syndrome

What is Lynch Syndrome

Lynch syndrome, also called hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is a condition that increases a person’s risk for developing colorectal cancer before age 50.

Lynch syndrome can also increase a person’s risk for many other types of cancer, including stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, urinary tract, skin, and brain cancers. Women with this condition have a higher risk for developing cancer of the ovaries and cancer in the lining of the uterus (endometrium).

What are the causes?

This condition is caused by a gene mutation that is inherited from one or both parents. A gene mutation is a harmful change in a gene. Not everyone who inherits the genetic mutation develops cancer.

What are the signs or symptoms?

There are no symptoms of this condition. However, your health care provider may test you for Lynch syndrome if you:

  • Have colorectal cancer before age 50.
  • Have family members diagnosed with colorectal, endometrial, or other types of cancer.

How is this diagnosed?

This condition is diagnosed with:

  • A review of your family history of cancer.
  • A blood test to look for the mutations that cause this condition.
  • Testing of tumor tissue (biopsy).

How is this treated?

This condition may be managed with:

  • Genetic counseling to assess your risk and your options for management.
  • Regular screening tests for the associated cancers. You may need to have a colonoscopy every 1–2 years starting at an early age.
  • Daily aspirin therapy.
  • Preventive surgery to remove sites where cancer can develop, such as the colon, uterus, and ovaries.

Follow these instructions at home:

  • Ask your health care provider about your risks.
  • Discuss a referral for genetic counseling. Ask about the risks and benefits of genetic counseling.
  • Write down any questions you have about your condition.
  • Follow your plan for cancer screenings as told by your health care provider.
  • Take over-the-counter and prescription medicines only as told by your health care provider.
  • Maintain a healthy diet.
  • Consider joining a support group. This may help you learn to cope with the stress of having Lynch syndrome.
  • Keep all follow-up visits as told by your health care provider. This is important.

Contact a health care provider if:

  • You develop any new or unusual symptoms.
  • You develop symptoms of colorectal cancer, such as:
    • Blood in the stool.
    • Changes in bowel habits.
    • Abdominal pain or bloating.
    • Unexplained weight loss.

Summary

  • Lynch syndrome is caused by an inherited gene mutation. Not everyone who inherits this mutation will develop cancer.
  • Genetic counseling and blood testing for Lynch syndrome can identify people with the condition.
  • Regular cancer screening tests are important in managing this condition.
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