In which malignancies vasculitis occurs as a paraneoplastic syndrome

In which malignancies vasculitis occurs as a paraneoplastic syndrome?

Vasculitis rarely occurs in association with cancer. It is more likely to occur with lymphoproliferative or myeloproliferative disorder and may also be associated with solid tumors. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is the most frequent paraneoplastic presentation. Henoch–Schönlein purpura, medium-vessel vasculitis, and granulomatous vasculitis have been described. A polyarteritis nodosa-like vasculitis has been described most commonly in patients with hairy-cell leukemia and infrequently in other malignancies. Vasculitis may precede, coincide, or follow the malignancy diagnosis. Proposed mechanisms for vasculitis as a paraneoplastic syndrome include immune complex formation, direct vascular injury by antibodies to endothelial cells, and a direct effect of leukemic cells (i.e., hairy cells) on the endothelium. In general, the vasculitis responds poorly to steroids and chemotherapy.

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