How should foreign bodies be removed?
- Once identified, nearly all objects can be removed endoscopically.
- Other modalities have been used with variable success, although major complications have been reported.
- Prior to endoscopy, a rehearsal of what will be done using retrieval devices that would capture similar-shaped foreign objects is useful.
- Several endoscopic retrieval tools, such as rat tooth, grasping forceps, baskets, snares, Roth retrieval net, and overtube, are available.
- Protection of the airway, especially in children or combative or older adult patients with poor reflexes and cardiopulmonary reserve, is essential. Consultation with a surgeon is appropriate for cases in which perforation or other major complications are probable.
- Minimally invasive surgery alone or combined with endoscopy is used increasingly.
