How can bursitis tendinitis tendinopathy and other regional musculoskeletal syndromes be treated

How can bursitis tendinitis tendinopathy and other regional musculoskeletal syndromes be treated?

• Identify, modify, and avoid the precipitating movements or actions: bursitis and tendinitis can frequently be caused by repetitive motions or movements (e.g., biceps tendinitis caused by carrying a heavy briefcase daily).

• Rest the affected area: however, intermittent range of motion needs to be maintained, or the joint capsule may contract or “freeze.”

• Antiinflammatory or analgesic medications: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) probably have a more important role than just analgesia.

• Splinting of the affected area (e.g., a forearm strap in lateral epicondylitis).

• Superficial heat and cold.

• Range of motion/flexibility and muscle strengthening exercises. Supervised physical therapy may be instrumental in ensuring proper patient education and adherence.

• Ambulatory aids (cane, crutches, or walker).

• Local corticosteroid injections may provide short-term relief but also may predispose to tendon rupture, especially in the Achilles tendon.

• Surgery (bursectomy, tenosynovectomy, reattachment of ruptured tendons).

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